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Ph.D. in Political Science: Overview, Course, Eligibility Criteria, Admission, Syllabus, Fees, Scope, Result and Cutoffs, & FAQs

Siddharth Kumar Verma — Thu, 02 Mar 2023 11:53:41 +0000

Best Ph.D. in Political Science Colleges in India 2023: Ph.D. in Political Science stands for the Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science subject. It is a higher-level degree that is done after completing a master’s-level program in the relevant field. It takes up to 3 years to complete the course if you are a full-time candidate and it may take up to 5 years if you are a part-time candidate. If you choose to be a student for a doctorate in political sciences, then you will be doing in-depth research on all the areas of political sciences. Having prior knowledge of Decentralisation, Governance, Economy, Development, and Community Empowerment for Indian politics as well as in other countries is going to be an added advantage.

You will be choosing the topic according to your preference and conducting in-depth research as well as case studies on that topic whose outcomes shall be included in your thesis for final approval from your higher authorities. The candidate needs to clear various university-level examinations to get admitted into the best political science Ph.D. programs like CRET, PET, RET, etc. You can earn up to 3 to 10 lakh per annum as a fresher after completing your research and getting your thesis approved by the professors. You can look up to good opportunities further & work as Professor, Political Scientist, Public Relations Specialist, Market trend Research analyst, and Survey Researcher ahead. Let’s now jump into the Political Science Ph.D. program details.

Course Highlights

PARTICULARS	VALUE
Name of Degree	Doctorate Level Course/Ph.D. in Political Science
Degree Full Form	Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science
Examination Type	Semester-based Examination
Age Limit	No Age Bar
Course Duration	Three to Five Years
Entrance Exam	NET, CRET, RET, PET
Eligibility Criteria	M.Sc./MA Degree in any field with a minimum 55% aggregate score + Entrance exam scores
Average Course Fees	INR 2 lakh to INR 15 lakh per annum
Average Expected Salary	INR 21,000/- to INR 1,50,000/- per month
Skills Required	Critical Thinking skills, Researching, survey skills, statistics, Interpretation skills, Logical Reasoning, Indian political system knowledge, etc
Minimum Percentage	General Category: Minimum 55% aggregate in 12th Standard & bachelor/Master degrees SC/ST/OBC: Minimum 50% aggregate in 12th Standard & bachelor/Master degrees
Cut-off Marks	Varies University Wise
Admission Process	Merit-Based Or Entrance Exam Based
Opportunity	Universities, Museums, Education Departments, Coaching Centres, Research and Development agencies, etc.
Career Roles	Journalist, Professor, Political Science Professor, Political Research Associate, Public Relations Specialist, Political Writer, Political Scientist, etc.
Top Recruitment Firms	Poll Star, Quis Lex, India Today, government offices, Times of India, etc.

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Eligibility Criteria

The Ph.D. in Political Science admission 2023 process has various parameters & eligibility criteria that a student needs to meet before he can join the best university for Ph.D. in Political Science in India.

All the aspirants from the general category should have at least 55% aggregate marks in their 10th and 12th standards. ST, OBC, and SC aspirants should have at least 50% aggregate marks in their 10th and 12th standards.
Candidates undergoing the Ph.D. in Political Science admission 2023, should have completed their undergraduate and postgraduate programs in the relevant field with at least a 55% aggregate score. Whereas various Central universities demand 80% UG/PG scores for eligibility.
Before you complete the Ph.D. entrance exams syllabus for the political sciences program, you should know that various universities consider students with a high research-oriented mindset and academic excellence along with having strong political and economical knowledge.
Despite having academic excellence, you need to clear the entrance examinations with at least passing scores to be eligible for admission to Ph.D. in the Political Science program.

Admission Process

The Ph.D. in Political Science admission process takes place through merit scores or the entrance examination. The admission process is very rigorous, so even lagging by 1% would not let you join the university. The best university for political science Ph.D. programs held their university-level entrance exam, whose syllabus, cut-off score, exam date, etc get published on their official website a few months before. You can get Ph.D. in Political Science admission in 2023 in the following ways-

Merit-Based Admission: While the institutions that use a merit-based admissions system do not conduct entrance exams, they do demand strong grades, such as a cumulative grade point average of at least 55% from the applicant’s prior academic years. A candidate’s interest, political system knowledge, and research plans are all taken into consideration during interview rounds at various universities in India.
Entrance Exam-based admission: For separating qualified applicants from those who are not, certain prestigious universities like Delhi University choose an entrance-based examination method. A candidate must attempt the university’s entrance exam and receive at least a passing grade to be considered. CSIR-Net/JRF exams are accepted by the majority of India’s top universities for Ph.D. political science. Multiple-choice questions are in the questionnaire, and you must choose the correct answer from the list of options. Every year in January, the procedure for applying to the best political science Ph.D. programs through entrance exams begins. Starting in August, lessons are held.

Syllabus for Ph.D. in Political Science

The Ph.D. in political science syllabus covers various topics related to politics and the economic system. The entire syllabus of Ph.D. political science is divided into 6 semesters and one year will have two semesters. Here is the detailed list of all the topics that you will be studying in the Doctorate of political science course –

Ist Year Syllabus

Semester – Ist
Foundations, Approaches, and Epistemologies of Political Science Research	Statistics and Data Collection
Research Design	Survey Research Methods
Semester – IInd
Contextualising South Asia	Foreign Policies of South Asian Countries and Regional Cooperation Initiatives
Protracted Disputes, Human Security and Environmental Issues	Political and Economic Challenges

IInd Year Syllabus

Semester – IIIrd
Approaches and Perspectives to the Indian Political System	Structural Concerns
Protection for Minorities and Deprived Groups	Party System in India
Semester – IVth
Decentralization and Development in India	Decentralization, Governance, and the Structure of Local Political Institutions
Decentralisation and Community Empowerment	Participation and Local Development

IIIrd Year Syllabus

Semester – Vth
Political Economy	Land Reforms in India
–	–
Semester – VIth
International and Multilateral Economic	Institutions and Developing Countries
Public Policy Analysis	–

Fee Structure for Ph.D. in Political Science

The fee structure of the best Political Science Ph.D. programs is very nominal and ranges between INR 1,000 to INR 15 lakh per annum. Fees for the private Ph.D. in Political Science universities are higher than the government Ph.D. in political science universities. In total, we have 213 best universities for Ph.D. in Political Science in India. From these 213 institutions, we have 110 Government Ph.D. in Political Science universities & 103 Private Ph.D. in Political Science universities in India. Almost 47 of these universities from 213 have secured a place in the 2021 NIRF rankings. The ranking is determined by MHRD so that the process of choosing the best Ph.D. in Political Science universities whether government or private can become easy.

If you are looking for the best government Ph.D. universities having affordable fees between INR 1,000/- per annum to INR 10,000/- per annum with top-notch academic delivery, then you can apply for ‘Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi,’ ‘The University of Hyderabad (UOH), Hyderabad,’ ‘University of Calcutta, Kolkata,’ ‘Savitribai Phule University, Pune’, etc. Other well-known universities like ‘Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU), Aurangabad,’ ‘Assam University, Silchar,’ ‘Annamalai University (AU), Tamil Nadu,’ ‘Delhi University (DU), New Delhi’ have fees structure approximately between INR 25,000/- per annum to INR 70,000/- per annum.

Top Entrance Examinations for Ph.D. in Political Science

The best university for Ph.D. in Political Science in India like Hindu College, New Delhi considers conducting entrance examinations instead of accepting students based on their merit. The following examinations you need to clear before getting admitted to renowned universities for Ph.D. in Political Science –

DUET 2023: DUET or Delhi University Entrance Test entrance exam is held by the ‘Delhi University,’ New Delhi each year. The doctorate of philosophy in political sciences entrance exam is generally conducted to select students for research-associated admissions.
RET 2023: RET or Research Entrance Test, is held by every university. It is conducted for selecting political science aspirants and research scholars.
UGC NET 2023: The full form of UGC NET is the University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test. It is a type of university-level entrance examination held by UGC following the ‘Government of India.’ The UGC NET exam is helpful in the various courses of the admission process & Ph.D. Political Science is one of them. It is a powerful exam with a huge weightage which means that clearing UGC NET could save you from various other entrance examinations.
CRET 2023: CRET or Combined Research Entrance Test is held by Assam University, Silchar every year. The entrance examination helps in filtering the right candidates for the admission process in the MPhil course as well as Ph.D. level programs.
PET 2023: PET is a short form for the Ph.D. Entrance Test. The PET entrance test is generally held by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU), Aurangabad. It helps with Ph.D. admission in political science and various other doctorate-level programs.

Syllabus for Entrance Exam

UGC-NET is the exam conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA), which is accepted by all Indian colleges affiliated with the University Grants Commission (UGC). The syllabus for the UGC-NET Political Science exam is mentioned below.

Topics	Sub Topics
Political Theory	Concepts Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rights, Democracy, Power, Citizenship, Political Traditions, Liberalism, Conservatism, Socialism, Marxism, Feminism, Ecologism, Multiculturalism, Postmodernism
Political Thought	Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Frantz Fanon, Mao Zedong, John Rawls
Indian Political Thought	Dharamshastra, Kautilya, Aggannasutta, Barani, Kabir, Pandita Ramabai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Swami Vivekanand, Rabindranath Tagore, M.K Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo, Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, Muhammad Iqbal, M.N.Roy, V D Savarkar, Dr. B.R.Ambedkar, J L Nehru, Ram Manohar Lohia, Jaya Prakash Narayan, Deendayal Upadhyaya
Comparative Political Analysis	Approaches: Institutional, Political Culture, Political Economy and New Institutionalism; Comparative Methods Colonialism and decolonization: forms of colonialism, anti-colonial struggles and decolonization Nationalism: European and non-European. State theory: debate over the nature of state in capitalist and socialist societies; post-colonial state; welfare state; globalization and nations-states Political regimes: democratic (Electoral, Liberal, Majoritarian and Participatory) and non-democratic regimes (Patrimonialism, Bureaucratic authoritarianism, Military dictatorship, Totalitarianism, and fascist). Constitutions and Constitutionalism: forms of constitutions, rule of law, judicial independence and liberal constitutionalism; emergency powers and crisis of constitutionalism. Democratisation: democratic transition and consolidation. Development: Underdevelopment, Dependency, Modernization, World Systems Theory, development and democracy. Structures of Power: ruling class, power elites, democratic elitism Actor and Processes: Electoral Systems, Political Parties and Party System, Interest groups, Social movements, new social movements, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and civil society campaigns; Revolutions.
International Relations	Approaches to the study of International relations: Idealism, Realism, Structural Marxism, Neoliberalism, Neorealism, Social Constructivism, Critical International Theory, Feminism, Postmodernism. Concepts: State, state system and non-state actors, Power, Sovereignty, Security: traditional and non- traditional. Conflict and Peace: Changing Nature of Warfare; Weapons of mass destruction; deterrence; conflict resolution, conflict transformation. United Nations: Aims, Objectives, Structure and Evaluation of the Working of UN; Peace and Development perspectives; Humanitarian intervention. International law; International Criminal Court Political Economy of IR; Globalisation; Global governance and Bretton Woods system, North-South Dialogue, WTO, G-20, BRICS. Regional Organisations: European Union, African Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, ASEAN. Contemporary Challenges: International terrorism, Climate change and Environmental Concerns, Human Rights, Migration and Refugees; Poverty and Development; Role of Religion, Culture and Identity Politics.
India’s Foreign Policy	Perspectives on India’s Foreign Policy: India’s Identity as postcolonial, development, rising power and as emerging political economy Continuity and change in India’s Foreign Policy: Principles and determinants; Non-Alignment movement: historical background and relevance of Non Aligned Movement; India’s Nuclear Policy India’s relations with major powers: USA, USSR/Russia, People’s Republic of China India’s Engagement with multipolar world: India’s relations with European Union, BRICS, ASEAN, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, African Union, Southern African Development Community, Gulf Cooperation Council India’s relations with neighbourhood: SAARC, Gujaral doctrine, Look East/ Act East, Look West. India’s Negotiation Strategies in International Regimes: The United Nations, World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contemporary challenges: maritime security, energy security, environmental security, migrants and refugees, water resources, international terrorism, cyber security
Political Institutions in India	Making of the Indian Constitution: Colonialism heritage and the contribution Indian National Movement to the making of the Indian Constitution Constituent Assembly: Composition, Ideological Moorings, Constitutional Debates Philosophy of the Constitution: Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles Constitutionalism in India: Democracy, Social Change, National Unity, Checks and Balances, Basic Structure Debate, Constitutional Amendments Union Executive: President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers Union Parliament: Structure, Role and Functioning, Parliamentary Committees Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Court, Judicial Review, Judicial Activism, Judicial Reform. Executive and Legislature in the States: Governor, Chief Minister, State Legislature Federalism in India: Strong Centre Framework, Asymmetrical Federal Provisions and Adaption, Role of Intergovernmental Coordination Mechanisms, Inter-State Council, Emerging Trends. Electoral Process and Election Commission of India: Conduct of Elections, Rules, Electoral Reforms. Local Government Institutions: Functioning and reforms. Constitutional and Statutory Bodies: Comptroller and Auditor General, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Human Rights, National Commission for Women, National Commission for Minorities.
Political Processes in India	State, Economy and Development: Nature of Indian State, Development Planning model, New Economic Policy, Growth and Human Development. Process of globalisation: social and economic implications. Identity Politics: Religion, Tribe, Caste, Region, Language. Social Movements: Dalit, Tribal, Women, Farmers, labour Civil Society Groups: Non-Party Social Formations, Non-Governmental Organisations, Social Action Groups. Regionalisation of Indian Politics: Reorganisation of Indian States, States as Political and Economic Units, Sub-State Regions, Regional disparities, Demand for New States, Gender and Politics in India: Issues of Equality and Representation. Ideology and Social basis of Political Parties: National Parties, State Parties. Electoral Politics: Participation, Contestation, Representation, Emerging trends.
Public Administration	Public Administration: meaning and evolution; public and private administration Approaches: System Theory, Decision Making, Ecological Approach Public administration theories and concepts: Scientific Management Theory, Rational Choice theory, New Public Administration, Development Administration, Comparative Public Administration, New Public Management, changing nature of Public Administration in the era of liberalisation and Globalisation Theories and Principles of Organization: Scientific Management Theory, Bureaucratic Theory, Human Relations Theory Managing the organization: Theories of leadership and motivation. Organisational Communication: Theories and Principles, Chester Bernard Principles of Communication, Information Management in the organization Managing Conflict in the Organization: Mary Parker Follett Management by Objectives- Peter Drucker
Governance and Public Policy in India	Governance, good governance and democratic governance, role of state, civil society and individuals. Accountability and control: Institutional mechanism for checks and balances, legislative control over executive, administrative and budgetary control, control through parliamentary committees, judicial control over legislature and executive, administrative culture, corruption and administrative reforms Institutional mechanisms for good governance: Right to Information, Consumer Protection Act, Citizen Charter; Grievance redress system: Ombudsman, Lokpal, Lokayukta Grassroots Governance: Panchayati Raj Institutions and their functioning Planning and Development: Decentralised planning, planning for development, sustainable development, participatory development, e-governance; NITI Aayog Public policy as an instrument of socio-economic development: public policies with special reference to housing, health, drinking water, food security, MNREGA, NHRM, RTE Monitoring and evaluation of public policy; mechanisms of making governance process accountable: jansunwai, social audit.

Scholarship and Fellowship

Candidates can get the full benefit from the various fellowship & scholarship schemes made by the government of India to provide financial aid to deserving students. Attempt for the UGC NET / NET JRF examination in a political science subject. Once you successfully clear the exam, the government is going to sponsor your entire fee. The JRF (Junior Research Fellowship) is chosen by clearing the UGC NET entrance exam – (University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test). He is eligible to receive the INR 31,000 stipend every month. The INR 20,000/- contingency grant is provided to the university for every candidate. The candidate can attempt the SRF (Senior Research Fellowship) program after 2 years. He will get an INR 35,000 stipend every month.

Result and Cutoffs

Candidates need to meet the cutoff score set by their desired University to be eligible to be admitted there. Various parameters make the university come to a particular cutoff number. It is generally based on the infrastructure, the curriculum, the location, the student population, and the popularity of that particular university. The cutoff marks are going to vary for every university, so you need to make sure that you have scored the minimum eligible marks in your 10th and 12th standards along with meeting the minimum cut-off mark requirements in the entrance examination conducted by the university. You can check the previous year’s cut-off marks of your desired university to get an idea of how much the university expects from a candidate, as well as browse through their official website to get a clear idea on this subject & recent updates on cutoff 2023.

Future Scope and Career Options after Ph.D. in Political Science

The future seems bright for the candidates after taking Ph.D. admission in political sciences in 2023. The salary is not only the major attractive point to get admitted to a Ph.D. in Political Science 2023. In the future, you will be part of major decision-making in our political and economical system. Henceforth, you are going to get into various dignified job roles. According to your preference, you can either get into research-based profiles, government job roles, or even private sector job roles. The scope of a doctorate in philosophy in political sciences is not limited to a particular industry, you will get a chance to work with various sectors like publishing houses, universities, schools, etc. The top recruiters like Times of India, NDTV, and India Today will be coming to your campus for recruitment purposes so it in itself is a very big opportunity after completing Ph.D. in Political Science. Here in the below section, we have compiled the list of job roles, employment sectors as well as top recruiters-

Job Roles

Researcher	Research Analysts	Professor
Journalist	Public Relation Specialist	Survey Researcher
Project Manager	Education Developer	Political Scientist

Employment Sectors

Museums	Publishing House	Research and Development Agencies
Education Department	Private Tuitions	Education Consultancies
Schools	Coaching Centers	Universities/Institutes/Colleges

Top Recruiters

Times of India	QuisLex	Oxynello
Transoplanet	India Today
Pollstar	NDTV

Salary Package After Completing Ph.D. in Political Science

According to the pay scale, the highest salary, lowest salary, and average salary for a Ph.D. in Political Science graduate are INR 20,00,000/-, INR 2,00,000/-, and INR 3,00,000/-. As per Glassdoor, the average salary for a Ph.D. in organic chemistry graduate is INR 9, 00,000/-. The same source also revealed the average salary for private & government careers. If you wish to pursue a career in government jobs of a Ph.D. in Political Science like survey researcher, political associate, etc, then your average salary would be INR 6, 00,000/-. If you get hired in a public sector career job role with Ph.D. in Political Science then your average salary is going to be INR 10, 00,000/-. Here is the list of job roles with their salary packages per annum respectively –

Profile	Average Salary (Annually)
Political Scientist	INR 6,00,000/- to INR 9,00,000/- (Source: “Glassdoor”)
Journalist	INR 6,00,000/- to 10, 00,000/-
Research Analyst	INR 5,00,000/-
Public Relation Specialist	INR 8,00,000/- to INR 11,00,000/- (Source: “Naukri”)
Political Science Professor/Lecturer	INR 10,00,000/- to INR 15,00,000/- (Source: “Naukri”)
Market Trend Research Analyst	INR 4,00,000/- to 8,00,000/- (Source: “Naukri”)
Survey Researcher	INR 6,00,000/- to INR 7,00,000/- (Source: “Glassdoor”)
Research Associate	INR 5,00,000/-(Source: “Glassdoor”)
Education Developer	INR 8,00,000/-(Source: “Glassdoor”)
Consultant	INR 8,00,000/-(Source: “Glassdoor”)
Political Associate	INR 9,00,000/-(Source: “Glassdoor”)

Top Cities for Ph.D. in Political Science

Candidates will find that every corner of India is filled with Ph.D. universities for political sciences, but the best of them are very few. The choice of the best location for a political science doctorate course is based on factors such as placements, infrastructure, laboratories, research centers, live projects, internships, etc. Here is a list of the best cities that you can choose for doing your political science doctorate course –

Bangalore	Chennai	Pune
Mumbai	Hyderabad	Mysore
Kolkata	Delhi NCR	Uttar Pradesh
Jaipur	Guwahati	Dehradun

Top university for Ph.D. in Political Science in India

Candidates are becoming more alert before choosing government and private universities for their Ph.D. in Political Science. Both university types have their pros and cons. Government Universities have lower fee structures and more job opportunities. Whereas private Universities have a higher fee structure and a decent amount of job opportunities although admission criteria in government universities are quite difficult as compared to private Universities. Let’s discuss them below –

Best Private/Government Ph.D. in Political Science Universities in India: Here is the list of top-ranked government & private doctorate in political science universities according to ‘The Week, ‘ ‘India today’ & ‘Outlook’ –

Name of University	Ranking
St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai, Maharashtra	8th out of 50 in ‘The Week’ 19th out of 171 in ‘India Today
Miranda House, New Delhi	3rd out of 171 in ‘India Today 2nd out of 115 in ‘Outlook’
Madras Christian College (MCC), Chennai, Tamil Nadu	5th out of 115 in ‘Outlook’ 6th out of 171 in ‘India Today
Hindu College, New Delhi	1st out of 171 in ‘India Today3rd out of 115 in ‘Outlook’
Mount Carmel College (MCC), Bangalore, Karnataka	24th out of 171 in ‘India Today24th out of 115 in ‘Outlook’
Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka	9th out of 171 in ‘India Today10th out of 115 in ‘Outlook’
Lady Shri Ram College for Women (LSR), New Delhi	1st out of 115 in ‘Outlook’ 4th out of 171 in ‘India Today
Isabella Thoburn Degree College (ITDC), Uttar Pradesh	40th out of 115 in ‘Outlook’ 45th out of 171 in ‘India Today
Mithibai College of Arts, Mumbai, Maharashtra	12th out of 115 in ‘Outlook’ 13th out of 171 in ‘India Today
Sri Venkateswara College, New Delhi	14th out of 171 in ‘India Today 6th out of 115 in ‘Outlook’

Top University for Ph.D. in Political Science in World: According to the source, ‘QS top universities,’ the ranking of best Ph.D. in Political Sciences universities with a score in the World are mentioned below –

Name of University	Ranking	Overall Score
Harvard University, Cambridge, US	1	93.3
Sciences Po, Paris, France	2	90.8
The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK	3	89.6
Princeton University, Princeton, US	4	87.9
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, UK	5	86
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK	6	84.9
Stanford University, Stanford, US	7	84.6
Yale University, New Haven, US	8	83.5
The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia	9	80.8
National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore	10	80.5

FAQ’s Related to Ph.D. in Political Science

Q. What is the full form of a Ph.D. in political science?
Ans. Ph.D. political science stands for ‘Doctorate of Philosophy in Political Sciences. ‘

Q. What is the average salary of a Ph.D. political science graduate?
Ans. The doctorate in political science graduate has an average salary of INR 9 lakh per annum according to glassdoor. He can make between INR 2 lakh per annum to 20 lakhs per annum based on his knowledge, expertise & hands-on experience.

Q. Mention the top recruiters that hire Ph.D. in political science graduates.
Ans. The top companies that hire political science doctorate graduates are Times of India, India Today, NDTV sector, etc.

Q. What career options do I have after completing a Ph.D. political science course?
Ans. After completing Ph.D. in political science abroad or India, you can get into job roles like Political Science Professor, Political Associate, Education Developer, Political Research Associate, etc.

Q. What entrance exams are held for admission to Ph.D. in political science?
Ans. PET, CRET, RET, and UGC NET are the general exams that will help you to get admission to Ph.D. political science.

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Ph.D. in English: Overview, Course, Eligibility Criteria, Admission, Syllabus, Fees, Scope, Result and Cutoffs, & FAQs

Siddharth Kumar Verma — Thu, 02 Mar 2023 08:36:41 +0000

Best Ph.D. in English Colleges in India 2023: The Ph.D. in English stands for Doctor of Philosophy in English, which is completed within 3 to 5 years. The course is ideal for those candidates who wish to learn literature subjects in an English-translated language. The English Ph.D. degree will make you well-versed in major fields of English such as world literature, dialogue delivery, ancient literature, dialects, translations, and technical writing like drama, poetry, fiction, and prose. Candidates need to have a minimum aggregate score of 55% in their academics as well as should have post graduate or master’s degree I.e, MA in English or M. Phill before applying for Ph.D. in English program. You can make 4 to 6 lakhs salary per annum and that increases based on your expertise, knowledge, and dialogue delivery. Students can get into the creative writing, and corporate sector as well as in universities and colleges after completing their Ph.D. degree in English. Technical Writer, Journalist, Critic Writer, Translator Public Relations Officer, are some of the job roles after completing an English Ph.D. In this article, you’re going to learn everything about a Ph.D. in English degree including its salary structure, recruiters lists, degree scope, top colleges, etc.

Course Highlights

PARTICULARS	VALUE
Name of Degree	Doctorate Level Course/Ph.D. English
Degree Full Form	Doctor of Philosophy in English
Examination Type	Semester-based Examination
Age Limit	No Age Bar
Course Duration	3 to 5 Years
Entrance Exam	GATE, JNUEE, DUET, UGC NET
Eligibility Criteria	M.A Degree / M. Phill degree in English Subject with a minimum 55% aggregate score
Total Course Fees	INR 5,000 to INR 3 lakh per annum
Average Expected Salary	INR 3, 50,000/- to INR 5,000,00/- per annum
Skills Required	Writing skills, Communication skills, Researching, Analytical Skills, Creative thinking, Command over Grammar, Presentation skills
Minimum Percentage	General Category: Minimum 55% aggregate in 12th Standard & bachelor/Master degrees SC/ST/OBC: Minimum 50% aggregate in 12th Standard & bachelor/Master degrees
Cut-off Marks	Varies University Wise
Admission Process	Merit-Based / Entrance Exam Based followed by Written Test, Counseling, Group Discussion
Opportunities	Media, Writing, Journalism, politics, education, public relation, etc
Career Roles	English Teacher, Novelist, Author, Blogger, School Teacher, Private Tutor, Education Consultant, Proofreader, Vice Principal, Professor, Program Manager, Customer Support Associate, Lecturer, Language Trainer
Top Recruitment Firms	India Times, HCL, Eros entertainment, Doordarshan, Electronic Media Monitoring Centre

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Eligibility Criteria

All the aspirants need to meet the following eligibility criteria before being admitted to the best university for Ph.D. in English in India –

All the candidates must have at least 55% aggregate marks in their academics, bachelor’s as well as a master’s degree. Scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and other backward classes people get 5% relief on this.
Postgraduate or master’s degrees should be either Masters of arts in English (MA) or a master of philosophy in English (M.Phil).
Candidates need to clear the entrance examinations followed by a personal interview round to be eligible for a Ph.D. in English.
Various Universities require you to have professional experience in English or literature subjects at a senior-level position.

Admission Process

The candidates need to follow the proper admission process to get admitted to the university. You need to visit the official website of your dream university, download the application form, fill it out and send it back to the university. Afterward, you need to attempt the entrance examination and score at least minimum passing marks. Candidates are also expected to score a minimum of 55% aggregate marks in their 10th standard, and 12th standard as well as a bachelor’s degree. Moreover, they need to complete their master’s degree in the English field for further admission. Once you clear the entrance examination you will be called for the personal interview session that will be followed by various other rounds. We have mentioned the compiled process below –

Merit-Based Admission
Entrance Exam-Based Admission (CSIR UGC NET, ICAR AICE JRF/SRF, UGC NET, etc)
Written Test
Counseling Session
Group Discussion
Final Documentation process & Evaluation

Syllabus for Entrance Exam

Units	Topics
Unit -I	Drama
Unit -II	Poetry
Unit -III	Fiction, short story
Unit -IV	Non-Fictional Prose
Unit -V	Language: Basic concepts, theories and pedagogy. English in Use.
Unit -VI	English in India: history, evolution and futures
Unit -VII	Cultural Studies
Unit -VIII	Literary Criticism
Unit -IX	Literary Theory post World War II
Unit -X	Research Methods and Materials in English

Fee Structure for Ph.D. in English

The Ph.D. in English fees vary according to the University to which you are planning to apply for admission to pursue further studies. In India, the average fee for completing a Ph.D. in English is INR 50,000/- per annum. The minimum fee required to pursue this program is INR 5,000/- and the maximum fee can go up to INR 3,00,000/- per annum based on amenities, reputation, enrollment number, location, etc. If you are looking forward to taking admission to the top universities for Ph.D. in English with minimal annual fees, then ‘Loyola College, Chennai,’ ‘Christ University College, Bangalore’, etc is the best option for you. Their fee structure stands approximately between INR 10,000/- per annum to INR 35,000/- per annum. Other best English Ph.D. universities with a bit higher fees structure between INR 75,000/- per annum to INR 1,50,000/- per annum are ‘Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneshwar,’ ‘NIMS University College, Jaipur,’ ‘St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai’, etc. Please note that the annual fees for Ph.D. in English will eventually increase & can go in lakhs if you wish to take direct admission to private universities that don’t require an entrance examination. But, after clearing the university-level entrance exam, you get certain relief in your entire fees.

Top Entrance Examinations for Ph.D. in English

Different Universities accept different entrance examinations. Moreover, they can also conduct their university-level examination that candidates need to clear before getting admitted to the university. During the entrance exam, you will have 1.5 hours to complete it. And the exam questions will be in the form of multiple-choice questions with no policy of negative marking. The entrance exam will generally be on subjects like logical reasoning, English, social science, etc. Some of the most popular entrance examinations held by different universities in India for Ph.D. in English admission are mentioned below –

UGC NET: The entrance exam states the Indian candidate’s eligibility as a professor or Junior Research fellowship. The University Grants Commission (UGC) exam is conducted by the National Testing Agency.
GATE: Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is conducted to test candidates’ eligibility for research-based subjects. You can appear for the GATE 2023 exam if you have completed either of the government-approved degrees in subjects of Arts, Science, Engineering, Technology, Architecture, Commerce, etc. It’s one of the prestigious exams that open doors to work in companies like ONGC, BHEL, NTPC, IOCL, SAIL, HPCL, etc.
DUET: Delhi University Entrance Test (DUET) is generally a national-level entrance examination. The DUET entrance exam is organized by the National Testing Authority (NTA). The test allows candidates to pursue higher-level studies in degrees like postgraduate, M.Phil, and other research-based doctorate or philosophy courses. The DUET 2023 notifications will soon be released on their official website portal.
JNUEE: Jawaharlal Nehru University Entrance Exam (JNUEE 2023 entrance exam) is generally a university-level entrance exam. The JNUEE 2023 notifications are declared & managed by the conducting body National Testing Agency (NTA). The exam takes place once every year. With the help of this exam, the candidates can take admission across various degree-level courses on the JNU campus within the 14 Schools. These degrees are undergraduate (UG), postgraduate (PG), Master of Philosophy (M.Phil), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) etc.

Note: National Testing Agency (NTA) is a self-established organization that helps to organize various university-level entrance examinations. Such exams help candidates to take admission or fellowship to renowned educational universities. With the help of NTA standards tests, we can judge the capability of candidates for further admission.

Here in the below section, we have mentioned the most important dates for entrance examinations –

Name of Entrance Exam	Date of Registration	Tentative Exam Date
UGC NET – June Session	March 2023 to April 2023 (Till the end of 2nd week)	June 2023 – 3rd Weeka
GATE	Yet to be announced	Yet to be announced
UGC NET – July Session	29th December 2022 to 23rd January 2023	21st February 2023 to 10th March 2023

Scholarship and Fellowship

As per various government schemes, the most deserving candidates will be offered the scholarship & fellowship by waving off their fees. All the aspirants of Ph.D. in English are notified to attend the UGC NET exam & clear with required marks to avail the full benefit of such schemes. Clearing this entrance exam will give you the position of JRF (Junior Research Fellowship). Here, you are eligible for a stipend between INR 28,000/- to INR 30,000/-. Your stipend amount increases gradually after two years to INR 35,000/- at SRF (Senior Research Fellowship) position.

Result and Cutoffs

Minimum marks or aggregate percentage is set by the best universities for Ph.D. in English in India to select the top-notch & sharp-minded candidates.

The cut-off marks are different for every course, university, or college. Such cutoff scores widely save you from the difficult entrance examination. Based on your 12th standard, 10th standard, bachelor’s, or master’s, your admission process gets simplified. If you do not fulfill the minimum cutoff marks, then you will not be called for further rounds of the admission process. The list of cutoff marks usually gets declared after the results of entrance exams are out.

Future Scope and Career Options after Ph.D. in English

The future scope after completing a doctorate of philosophy in English seems very bright. It is so because novelists, creative writers, copywriters, technical writers, and even literature professors, etc. are the need of the day. Even though our mother tongue is Hindi, English is still the most basic language that is used as a medium to interact with each other in the private corporate sector as well as the government sector. We have compiled a list of some job profiles, career roles, employment sectors as well as top recruiters that you can get hired from after the completion of an English Ph.D. degree –

Job Roles

English Teacher	Education Consultant,	Professor / Lecturer
School Teacher	Proofreader	Customer Support Associate,
Private Tutor	Vice Principal	Movie Critic
Executive Assistant	Novelist & Writer	Philosophical Journalist
Language Trainer	Program Manager	Soft Skills Trainer

Employment Sectors

Journalism	Educational Institutes	Poetry
Media	Politics	Public Relations
Writer	Art & Blogging	Universities / Colleges
Coaching Centers	Data Centres	News & Media
Translation Offices	Personality Development	Publishing Houses

Top Recruiters

Private Companies

Zee News	Indiatimes	TATA Consultancy
HCL	Eros Entertainment

Government Companies

Central Board of Film Certification	Doordarshan	Publications Division
Press Information Bureau	Films Division	Directorate of Film Festivals
Electronic Media Monitoring Centre (EMMC)	Office of the Registrar of Newspapers for India	Bureau of Outreach & Communication

Salary Package After Completing Ph.D. in English

The starting salary for a Ph.D. in English graduate freshers are INR 3,50,000/- to INR 5,000,00/- per annum as per PayScale. After gaining 3 to 5 years of relevant experience, it goes up between INR 10,00,000/- to INR 15,000,00/- per annum. The maximum you can make after 10 to 15 years of experience at profiles like movie critic is INR 36,00,000/- although for the right talent sky’s the limit.

Name of Profile	Salary Offered (in lakhs per annum)
Movie Critic	INR 36,00,000/-
Professor	INR 5, 40,000/-
Content Writer	INR 6, 00,000/-
Copy Editor	INR 6, 60,000/-
Head of Department English	INR 19, 20,000/- (Source : Glassdoor)

Name of Profile	Salary Offered (in lakhs per annum)
Public Relations Officer	INR 4,00,000/-
Technical Writer	INR 7,00,000/-
Program Officer	INR 5,00,000/-
Creative Writer	INR 14,00,000/-
Educator	INR 4,00,000/-
Lecturer	INR 5,00,000/- (Source : Naukri)

Top Cities for Ph.D. in English

Indian cities that are best for completing your Ph.D. in English degree course are Mumbai, Bangalore, and Hyderabad, preferably. It is so because it is considered a hub for employment so there are so many people from varied parts of India as well as foreign countries who are good in English & come to these cities for study. Having a group with such knowledge will help you to improve your skills and learn the best from each other. Moreover, while searching for the best college you should know about the professors, their profiles & degree and preferably join universities having professors who have completed English studies in foreign countries. Here are the top cities that you can approach for completing your PhD. in English degree –

Bangalore	Kolkata	Delhi
Mumbai	Hyderabad	Chennai
Ahmedabad	Gurgaon	Pune

Top university for Ph.D. in English

In India, there are more than 760 government and private universities as well as 38,498 colleges. Out of this number, more than 15,000 universities offer MA in English and Ph.D. in English courses.

Best Private/Government University for Ph.D.in English in India

Lady Shri Ram College for Women, Delhi	St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai	St Stephen’s College, Delhi
Jadavpur University, Kolkata	Mithibai College of Arts, Mumbai	Garden City University, Bangalore
Christ University, Bangalore	Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Pune	Annamalai University, Karnataka
Amity University, Noida	Hindu College, Delhi	Karnataka State Open University
Presidency University, Kolkata	Fergusson College, Pune	Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce, Pune

Best University for Ph.D.in English in World

Stanford University	Columbia University	University of Alberta
Oxford University	University of Toronto	University College London
University of California	Massachusetts University	University of British Columbia
Imperial College London	University of Cambridge	University of Edinburgh
Harvard University	University of Montreal	McGill University

FAQ’s Related to Ph.D. in English

Q. What is the full form of a Ph.D. in English?

Ans. The Ph.D. in English stands for doctor of philosophy in English degree. It is a research-based degree of 3 to 5 years usually done after completing the master’s in English.

Q. Name the entrance exams held by the universities for joining Ph.D. in English degree courses.

Ans. GATE, JNUEE, DUET, CSIR-UGC NET, ICAR AICE JRF/SRF are the entrance exams for Ph.D. English admission.

Q. What is the average fee structure for a Ph.D. in an English degree course?

Ans. The average fee for completing a doctorate in English is INR 5,000/- to INR 3, 00,000/- per annum.

Q. How much salary can you expect after completing a doctorate in philosophy in English?

Ans. According to PayScale, the Ph.D. English graduates can expect INR 3, 50,000/- to INR 5, 00,000/- per annum in private & government sector jobs.

Q. What are the minimum aggregate marks accepted by the universities for taking admission to Ph.D. in English?

Ans. The candidate must have at least 55% aggregate marks in Academics, and a bachelor’s as well as a master’s degree to be eligible for filling out the admission form.

The post Ph.D. in English: Overview, Course, Eligibility Criteria, Admission, Syllabus, Fees, Scope, Result and Cutoffs, & FAQs appeared first on .

Ph.D. in Mathematics: Overview, Course, Eligibility Criteria, Admission, Syllabus, Fees, Scope, Result and Cutoffs, & FAQs

Siddharth Kumar Verma — Mon, 27 Feb 2023 09:12:18 +0000

Best Ph.D. in Mathematics Colleges in India 2023: Ph.D. in Mathematics stands for ‘Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics.’ The doctoral degree deals with various concepts of mathematics like space, change, quantity, structure, etc. The Ph.D. in Mathematics program takes 3 to 6 years to complete. After successfully completing the program, the student receives a doctorate in mathematics. The ‘Thesis’ has to be submitted by the student & approved by the higher authorities to be eligible to take home this doctorate. They also become experts in theory, topology, formulating research methodologies, logical interpretation, analysis, formulation, and statistical concepts in mathematics.

During this degree, a student gets well-versed in the overall structure of mathematics giving birth to new laws and theories for the overall development of mathematics as a core subject. The candidate should hold an M.Tech degree, MSc in Mathematics, or physical science to proceed with their application for a Ph.D. in mathematics. After getting this degree, you will have many different career roles to choose from in the academic field and the research sector, such as lecturer, Math expert, or subject matter expert.

Course Highlights

PARTICULARS	VALUE
Name of Degree	Doctorate Level Course/Ph.D. in Mathematics
Degree Full Form	Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics
Examination Type	Semester-based Examination
Age Limit	No Age Bar
Course Duration	Three to Six Years
Entrance Exam	GATE, NBHM, and CSIR-UGC NET
Eligibility Criteria	M.Sc. Degree in Maths Subject or Physical Sciences/ B.Tech degree in any field with a minimum 55% aggregate score
Total Course Fees	INR 50,000 to INR 4 lakh per annum
Average Expected Salary	INR 21,000/- to INR 1,50,000/- per month
Skills Required	Mathematical skills, Researching, Qualitative Understanding, Interpretation skills, Logical Reasoning, Quantitative Data Interpretation
Minimum Percentage	General Category: Minimum 55% aggregate in 12th Standard & bachelor/Master degrees SC/ST/OBC: Minimum 50% aggregate in 12th Standard & bachelor/Master degrees
Cut-off Marks	Varies University Wise
Admission Process	Merit-Based Or Entrance Exam Based
Opportunities	Investment Firms, Universities, Statistics, Commerce Industry, Banks, Business Industry, Colleges, Inventory Management, Insurance Agencies, Research and Development Firms, Indian Civil Services, etc.
Career Roles	Researcher, Mathematician, Cryptographer, Statistician, Personal Banker, Loan Officer, Professor, Accountant, Economist, Demographer, etc.
Top Recruitment Firms	Innovation Lab, Ernst & Young, Weizmann Institute, Tiger Analytics, TCS, etc.

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria set for a Ph.D. in Mathematics in India vary according to the different terms and conditions set by Indian universities. Students need to conduct a thorough background check on their desired Ph.D. university to ensure that they meet its admission eligibility criteria. It will help them have a smooth onboarding process at the university. The best university for Ph.D. mathematics in India has preset protocols designed for the upcoming students, i.e, to have prior relevant experience as a lecturer, teacher, or in some research sector. On the other hand, other universities have direct admission criteria with no hard and fast rules. Let’s learn them from the below section –

The student should have an aggregate score of at least 55% in his 12th standard class, graduation degree, and post-graduation degree. The score should be at least 50% for ST, SC, or OBCs.
The student should score at least passing marks in the admission entrance exam set by the particular university.
The student should have completed their master’s degree or postgraduate degree in mathematics, physical science, or any relevant field. The widely accepted degrees are MSC chemistry, MSc statistics, MSc Mathematics, Mtech, or MA economics.

Admission Process

The admission process for a Ph.D. in applied mathematics is straightforward and very simple. The students can apply for Ph.D. admission in 2023 either through their merit records or by clearing the entrance examination. Although in either of these two ways, a student has to follow the stringent step-by-step process to be accepted by their dream university. If your desired university has a policy for entrance examination then you should have clarity on the starting & ending date of filling out forms for the entrance examination and what all syllabus is going to be included in the exam. It will help you achieve good scores and make your admission process very easy. Now let’s understand the two ways of obtaining a Ph.D. in Mathematics admission in 2023 in detail below –

Merit-Based Admission: The universities that follow the merit-based admission process don’t conduct any entrance examination but require solid marks, say at least 55% aggregate marks in their previous years of education. Various universities in India provide direct admission to students
based on their previous year’s degree and school marks. Apart from this, most of these universities, like AMU and Lovely Professional University, prefer to conduct personal interview rounds with the Ph.D. candidates. Such interview rounds are solely based on understanding the mindset of a candidate, his plans, the level of interest he has in research, and how he is going to make a change in this field.
Entrance Exam-based admission: Certain top-tier universities follow the entrance-based examination process to filter out eligible & non-eligible students. Here, a candidate needs to clear the entrance examination conducted by the university and score a preset passing mark to be eligible to be a student for the doctorate in mathematics. Such entrance exams have a core mathematics subject that includes topics from various chapters of math like discrete mathematics, advanced algebra, theorems, analysis, etc. The questionnaire you get is in the form of multiple-choice questions where you have to select the right option from the given choices.

Candidates appearing for the Ph.D. in Mathematics admission 2023 are shortlisted based on their entrance examination scores. The process of taking admission to top math Ph.D. programs based on the entrance examination starts in January every year. Further to this, the classes commence in August. Most of the best universities for Ph.D. in Mathematics in India accept GATE and CSIR-Net examinations.

Syllabus for Ph.D. in Mathematics

The syllabus stated by the top universities after taking admission to a Ph.D. in Mathematics is subjective, and some of the subject topics might vary based on the university. Even the specialization chosen by the candidate plays a major role in deciding the syllabus. All the candidates are going to learn about the practical aspects of mathematics, and its theoretical nature, followed by a thesis covered in the Ph.D. in Mathematics syllabus. Based on your current year and the specialization you have chosen, you can find the in-depth Ph.D. in Mathematics syllabus in the beneath section –

1st Year Syllabus

Algebra	Analysis	Calculus
Computational Techniques	Computer Science

2nd Year Syllabus

Differential Equation	Differential Geometry	Discrete Mathematics
English Literature	Linear Programming

3rd Year Syllabus

Mathematical Finance	Mechanics	Metric Space
Number Theory	Probability Theory

Fee Structure for Ph.D. in Mathematics

In India, a Ph.D. in Mathematics is very reasonably priced. Depending on the university they want to enroll in, students may have to pay a fee structure that ranges from INR 50,000 to INR 1.5 lakh annually. Your overall costs for completing the Ph.D. in Mathematics degree program could reach Rs. 4 lakhs. The costs associated with earning a math Ph.D. at a public university will probably be considerably less than at a private university. If the student has been a meritorious student or has made an international achievement, he may also be eligible for a reduction in his overall tuition and use the scholarship. But once more, this will depend on the requirements set by the university. A candidate who performs well on the entrance exam for the Ph.D. in Mathematics program is eligible to receive a fellowship title.

Top Entrance Examinations for Ph.D. in Mathematics

Students need to clear the entrance examination to be admitted to the top math Ph.D. programs. Some of the most commonly accepted entrance examinations are the NBHM, CSIR-UGC NET, and GATE.

The GATE entrance examination is held by the Indian Institute of Technology for a candidate to take admission to the Ph.D. degree & M-Tech programs. Candidates can also get a job in the government sector by qualifying for the GATE entrance exam & personal interview sessions.

Syllabus for Entrance Exam

This exam is conducted by the UGC to offer assistant professorship and junior fellowship awards to the candidates who qualify for it with high scores. The syllabus for this examination is mentioned in the below table.

Topics	Sub Topics
Analysis	Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, Real number system as acomplete ordered field, Archimedean property, supremum, infimum. Sequences and series, convergence, limsup, liminf.Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Heine Borel theorem. Continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem. Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence. Riemann sums and Riemann integral, Improper Integrals. Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity, functions of bounded variation, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral. Functions of several variables, directional derivative, partial derivative, derivative as a linear transformation, inverse, and implicit function theorems. Metric spaces, compactness, connectedness. Normed linear Spaces. Spaces of continuous functions as examples.
Linear Algebra	Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of linear Transformations. Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, linear equations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Matrix representation of linear transformations. Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms, Jordan forms. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis. Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms
Complex Analysis	Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, power series, transcendental functions such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations.Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, Maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, Open mapping theorem.Taylor series, Laurent series, calculus of residues. Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations.
Algebra	Permutations, combinations, pigeon-hole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, Derangements. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences, Chinese Remainder Theorem, Euler’s Ø- function, primitive roots. Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem, class equations, Sylow theorems. Rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain, principal ideal domain, Euclidean domain. Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria. Fields, finite fields, field extensions, Galois Theory.
Topology	basis, dense sets, subspace and product topology, separation axioms, connectedness and compactness.
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs)	Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of first order ODEs. General theory of homogenous and non-homogeneous linear ODEs, variation of parameters, Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem, Green’s function.
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)	Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order PDEs. Classification of second order PDEs, General solution of higher order PDEs with constant coefficients, Method of separation of variables for Laplace, Heat and Wave equations.
Numerical Analysis	Numerical solutions of algebraic equations, Method of iteration and Newton-Raphson method, Rate of convergence, Solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss-Seidel methods, Finite differences, Lagrange, Hermite and spline interpolation, Numerical differentiation and integration, Numerical solutions of ODEs using Picard, Euler, modified Euler and Runge-Kutta methods.
Calculus of Variations	Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, Necessary and sufficient conditions for extrema. Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations.
Linear Integral Equations	Linear integral equation of the first and second kind of Fredholm and Volterra type, Solutions with separable kernels. Characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions, resolvent kernel.
Classical Mechanics	Generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s equations, Hamilton’s canonical equations, Hamilton’s principle and principle of least action, Two-dimensional motion of rigid bodies, Euler’s dynamical equations for the motion of a rigid body about an axis, theory of small oscillations.
Descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis

NBHM

The National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM) is accepting applications for the entrance exam of Ph.D. program. Candidates must take the Joint Screening Test for Admission and Scholarship for Ph.D./Integrated Ph.D. Programs in order to be considered for admission and financial aid. Students pursuing a Mathematics Ph.D. are eligible for scholarships from the NBHM.

Apart from these, there are several universities conducting entrance examinations on their main campuses. Most universities accept candidates based on state or central-level entrance exams. The declaration of the final merit list is often based only on these entrance examinations. These entrance examinations act as a direct gateway to the best university for a Ph.D. in Mathematics in the world. Students need to meet the cutoff requirements by obtaining good scores in the university entrance examinations. All such details can be easily found on the official website of your desired university. The total time taken by the entrance examination to get completed is approximately 3 hours. The candidate needs to appear for such examinations in offline mode. The questions asked in such examinations are multiple choice questions (MCQs). The exam is held to assess qualitative ability, logical reasoning, data interpretation, and math subject-related knowledge.

Scholarship and Fellowship

The candidates wishing to pursue a Ph.D. in Mathematics have a great opportunity to support their finances through scholarships and fellowships. as the government takes care of the upcoming scientists and values their research papers by sponsoring them with financial support. The candidates can avail of the fellowship scheme by appearing in the CSIR-UGC NET exam, and some of the top students are provided with financial support as mentioned below.

For the first two years, a JRF (Junior Research Fellowship) selected via the CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) will receive a stipend of Rs 31,000 per month. Additionally, a yearly contingency grant of Rs. 20,000 will be given to the university or institution for each fellow. After two years, the candidate is eligible to apply for the SRF (Senior Research Fellowship) program, in which the stipend amount is increased to Rs 35,000 per month.

Result and Cutoffs

Cut-off scores are the minimum marks that a candidate must have earned on his or her previous years of graduation, education, and entrance exams in order to be considered for admission to the university and course of their choice. Each Indian university has a different cutoff score for mathematics Ph.D. candidates. Such cut-off points are established in accordance with the number of seats available at the university in question and the popularity of that institution among its students.

Future Scope and Career Options after Ph.D. in Mathematics

The future is bright for Ph.D. in Mathematics degree holders, especially after 2023. These students mostly get roles in the educational industry as lecturers, teachers, or heads of departments. Furthermore, they have the choice to work in the government sector, the private sector, or research-based sectors. Some of the career options mentioned below can be pursued by students after completing Ph.D. in mathematics.

Loan Officers	Accountants	Mathematicians
Researchers	Cryptographers	Statisticians
Personal bankers	Professors	Economists
Demographers

Employment Sectors

military schools	consultancies	accounting
defense services	budget planning	corporations
market research	private banks	stock exchanges
government banks	math research centers	private financial institutions
governmental financial companies	trade and transportation centers	Analysis Group
Complexity and Networks	Dynamical Systems	Fluid Dynamics
Computational Complex

Top Recruiters

Airtel	ITC Infotech	IBM Global Services
NEXT Techno Enterprises	Brainfuse	Aquis

Advantages of Studying Ph.D. in Mathematics

Whether you opt for a Ph.D. in Mathematics online or offline, it can turn out to be a very rewarding career for you. After getting a doctorate in mathematics degree from the best university for Ph.D. in Mathematics in India, you can become an affiliate researcher. Henceforth, your role will be to find the answer to the current mathematical problems. If not the exact solution, then at least the precise solution that is acceptable to the existing mathematical question. The best part is that you can go for the Ph.D. in Mathematics distance learning programs without disturbing your current work if you are lacking time to go ahead with the offline programs. Here is the list of advantages of taking admission to the top math Ph.D. programs –

Pursuit of excellence: The subject of math is known as the pursuit of excellence. The researchers working in the field of mathematics are more inclined towards understanding all types of complications faced in this mathematical field and providing solutions to them. The Solutions can be formed after designing the appropriate theorems and patterns by conducting thorough research on the problem statement.
Research-oriented skills: The Math Ph.D. program helps an individual to get incredible knowledge about the subject of mathematics. Moreover, the course curriculum supports refining the research-related skills of the student. The students this way can go ahead and perform better in real time based on complex research-related tasks. Not only this the students can also contribute to accomplishing the social and economical goals of our country.
Part-time opportunities: The Ph.D. in Mathematics students not only get good opportunities in full-time jobs but they can also work part-time from the comfort of their homes and make a good amount of money. You can try freelancing or take part in skill-based jobs where you need to solve mathematical problems by devoting 2 to 3 hours or less every day without leaving your home.
Work with different industries: Being a Ph.D. in Mathematics degree holder your career pathways are open to various industries & sectors with no limitations. Once you successfully become a Ph.D. mathematician, you can successfully take roles & responsibilities in various industries like stock exchange, academics, banking, defense, etc.

Salary Package After Completing Ph.D. in Mathematics

The Ph.D. in Mathematics graduate salary ranges between 2.5 lakhs to 10 lakhs per annum. The fresher in this field can expect to have a salary of 2.5 lakhs to 3 lakhs per annum based on his knowledge. Moreover, your salary gradually increases every year as soon as you gain expertise in real-time scenarios & can go up to 9 to 10 lakhs yearly. It comes down to INR 21,000 to 84,000 per month. Although, in private sector companies, you can even expect a monthly package between INR 65,000 to INR 1,50,000 per month. Your home takes in hand salary and upgrades in it solely depend on your expertise, education, grades, graduation from university, performance, and various other factors. On average, the salary of a Ph.D. mathematics graduate is INR 3.84 LPA in the Indian market. Your pay scale is also heavily affected by the role that you are applying for, whether it’s as a stock broker, professor, subject matter expert, etc.

Top Cities for Ph.D. in Mathematics

Candidates can find numerous top universities in India for a Ph.D. in Mathematics. Different universities are popular for different offerings. Although some of the universities in India are more popular than others, this is due to their location, research centers, and practical exposure to mathematical details. Most of these cities are tier-1 and tier-2 but they are number one in facilitating all the resources for Ph.D. in Mathematics candidates. The exposure you will get in these cities is hard to find in other parts of the nation due to the top-notch research-equipped curriculum and well-experienced facilities. Here is the list of top cities that offer Ph.D. in Mathematics in India –

Bangalore	Kolkata	Delhi
Mumbai	Kanpur	Jaipur
Jalandhar	Madras	Noida
Chandigarh

Top university for Ph.D. in Mathematics in India

India is a country that is well known for top-notch math Ph.D. universities that are popular not only among Indian candidates but also foreign applicants. The best university for Ph.D. mathematics in India is recognized for its offerings, such as research proposals, experienced faculty, real-time-based industry exposure, quality education, and decent infrastructure. Candidates can apply to private universities or government universities for admission to the Ph.D. mathematics programs.

1. Private Ph.D. in Mathematics Universities in India

Ph.D. in Mathematics programs at private universities in India have gained immense attention from candidates who wish to pursue Ph.D. in Mathematics in the future. These universities are well known for providing research scope, hands-on experience with live projects, and fellowship rewards. Even they help students through placement assistance & the best pay scale in the industry. That’s one of the motivating factors for pursuing doctorate degrees from private universities. Here is the list of Ph.D. in Mathematics private universities in India –

Amity University, Noida	Galgotias University, Greater Noida	GIET University, Gunupur
LPU Jalandhar	Kalinga University, Raipur	Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar
LNMIIT Jaipur	Bennett University, Greater Noida	NIMS University, Jaipur
JS University, Shikohabad	Jain University, Bangalore

2. Government Ph.D. in Mathematics Universities in India

Government colleges often get popular among students due to their minimal fee structure and the bright minds that take admission there. The admission criteria to government colleges for Ph.D. math might be quite difficult as compared to private colleges in India, but once you clear the entrance exam, they prove to be the best colleges in terms of gaining subject-relevant knowledge. They also provide the best scholarships, fellowships, and research facilities for their Ph.D. students. Whether you wish to go for Ph.D. in Mathematics distance learning or from the best university for Ph.D. in Mathematics in India in the offline mode, these top-tier government universities never fail to make you satisfied. Here is the list of top-notch Ph.D. in Mathematics government universities in India –

MNIT Jaipur	IIT Delhi	IIT Madras
NIT Jalandhar	IT Roorkee – Indian Institute of Technology	HBTU Kanpur
NIT Calicut	IIT Bombay	NIT Trichy
DU Delhi – University of Delhi	Panjab University, Chandigarh	IIT Kanpur – Indian Institute of Technology
PEC Chandigarh

3. Top University for Ph.D. in Mathematics in World

If money isn’t the issue, then the sky’s the limit when it comes to choosing Ph.D. in Mathematics universities. Although, many universities across the world provide scholarships to make the fees minimum for a student having excellent scores in his previous years of education. Candidates wish to opt for Ph.D. programs outside their country to explore more about a particular subject. Undoubtedly, there are so many Ph.D. mathematics universities in the world that provide top-notch research facilities and well-equipped knowledge from highly experienced faculties. Apart from this, a student with a Ph.D. in mathematics from a renowned university across the world is eligible to get incredible salary packages across multiple MNCs in the world. Here is the list of the best university for Ph.D. in mathematics in the world –

Université de Paris, France	ETH Zurich, Switzerland	University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
University of California Berkeley, United States	University of Oxford, United Kingdom	University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, China
Fudan University, China	Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam	King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
University of Toronto, Canada	Islamic Azad University, Iran	National University of Singapore, Singapore
University of Vienna, Austria

FAQ’s Related to Ph.D. in Mathematics

Q. What entrance exams are conducted for admission to Ph.D. mathematics 2023?
Ans. The candidate needs to clear GATE and UGC NET entrance examinations for admission to the best university for a Ph.D. in Mathematics in the world.

Q. What all job roles are available for the best mathematics graduate?
Ans. The Ph.D. in applied mathematics graduate can take up the job role of a scientist, statistician, research associate, lecturer, demographer, economist, etc.

Q. How much time does it take to complete a Ph.D. in mathematics in India?
Ans. The overall time to complete the Ph.D. mathematics syllabus is at least 3 years. Whereas, a student is allowed to take up to 6 years to complete his math Ph.D. degree.

Q. Do big MNCs hire Ph.D. mathematics graduates?
Ans. Yes, several top-notch companies hire Ph.D. mathematics graduates. Some of these companies are TCS Innovation Lab, Ernst & Young, the Weizmann Institute, and Tiger Analytics.

Q. What is the monthly salary of a Ph.D. mathematics graduate degree holder?
Ans. If you have been a student at the best university for Ph.D. mathematics in India and successfully cleared all the examinations, then you can expect your monthly take-home between INR 65,000 and INR 1,50,000.

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Sociology– Overview, Courses Eligibility, Subjects, Colleges, Admission Process, Syllabus, Fees & Scope

IIRF Course — Fri, 08 Jul 2022 06:44:41 +0000

Overview

Who is a Sociologist?

Do you have a curiosity to understand your society and the social behavior of human beings? If yes, then becoming a Sociologist is the right career choice for you. Sociologists examine the diversified groups, cultures, organisations, social institutions, and various processes prevalent in our society.
Sociologists conduct research using a different methodology to gather an understanding of social processes. They investigate both the past and present of human society to gain insight into how societies develop and organize themselves.

But before we go deeper into the role of a Sociologist, it is also important to understand what is Sociology? Sociology is a study of social science that helps us to understand the way our society works. The study of sociology helps a Sociologist to be proficient in knowing and analysing sociological problems and formulating possible solutions and improvements, perhaps by addressing various social challenges, differences relating to multiple factors or parameters such as class, gender, race, and financial status.

Sociology can also be defined as the general science of society that focuses on human beings’ social behavior, relationships pattern, social interaction, and characteristics of culture associated with everyday life. In a nutshell, we can say Sociology is the study of society, culture, and the relationship between various social levels.

What skills are required for a Sociologist?

To be a Sociologist, it is important to have the following specific skills:

Analytical skills	Communication skills	Critical-thinking skills
Problem-solving skills	Writing skills	Project management
Fact-Finding skills	Logical	Avid reader

What is the eligibility to become a Sociologist?

If the various factors of society fascinate you and you are willing to build your career in Sociology, you need to meet the following eligibility criteria:

Programme	Eligibility	Admission Process
Graduation (B.A. Sociology)	To pursue B.A. in Sociology or its related fields, the candidate must have passed class 12th with any stream from a recognized board with an aggregate of at least 50% marks.	Merit-Based and Entrance Test Based
Postgraduation (M.A. Sociology)	Students who have passed B.A. in Sociology can apply for a Master’s course in Sociology (M.A. Sociology). To be eligible for an M.A. Sociology course, you must complete your graduation from a recognized college or university. The candidates must attain minimum 50% marks to be eligible for this course.	Mostly Merit-based but few colleges also take entrance exams. IPUCET 2020: IPUCET is the entrance test conducted by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University for admission to the various UG and PG courses. TISSNET 2020: TISSNET is the online examination conducted by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences. PU CET 2020: PU CET is the Punjab University Combined Entrance Test. It is a state-level entrance test for admission to the different colleges under Punjab University. MGU CAT 2020: MGU CAT is the University level admission test for admission to postgraduate courses. AUAT 2020: AUAT is the admission test for admission to Aliah University.
M.Phil	Candidates who have completed a Masters course in Sociology from any recognised institutes can apply for the course. The candidate should have secured a minimum of 55% marks.	Admission to the course is entirely based on an entrance exam. Some of the important Entrance Exams for M.Phil in Sociology are: BU aptitude Test: Banasthali University conducts an aptitude test for entrance to M.Phil Sociology. JNUEE: The “Centre for Study of Social Systems” of JNU conducts an Entrance Exam. Department of Sociology of Delhi University also conducts examinations for entrance to the M.Phil Sociology programme.
Ph.D	On completion of a Masters course with a minimum of 55% marks and qualifying for the National level entrance exam or university level entrance exam, candidates can apply for the Ph. D programme.	Both Entrance Exam and Merit-Based.Admission to the Ph.D. in Sociology course is based on an entrance test followed by an interview conducted by the various Universities.Candidates with UGC-NET (including JRF), UGC-CSIR NET (including JRF), SLET, GATE, teacher fellowship holder or have passed M.Phil Program are exempted from Entrance Test but are required to appear for Interview.

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Top Colleges Offering Sociology Courses

DU Delhi – University of Delhi
JMI New Delhi – Jamia Millia Islamia
LPU Jalandhar – Lovely Professional University
IGNOU Delhi – Indira Gandhi National Open University
MSU Baroda – Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Christ University, Bangalore
BHU Varanasi – Banaras Hindu University
University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Integral University, Lucknow
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
JNU Delhi – Jawaharlal Nehru University
Manipal University (MAHE) – Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Sharda University, Greater Noida
Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida
Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali
Panjab University, Chandigarh
Galgotias University, Greater Noida
NIMS University, Jaipur
Gujarat University, Ahmedabad

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Job Opportunities And Scope

Sociology, as a career, is exciting, impactful, and very satisfying. Many of us aspire to contribute our bit to society and the career options in sociology provide that opportunity to make an impact in society.

Starting from management level roles in MNCs to administrative level roles in PSUs, the profile of Sociologist can give you ample opportunities to utilize your knowledge and skills for the upliftment of society. With multiple career prospects in the field, you can look forward to a promising future as a sociologist.

Sociology opens up a range of career options with government, non-profit organizations, and corporates in the fields like healthcare, education, marketing, social research, welfare, and public policy, etc. Here are some of the most popular career options in sociology:

Survey Researcher	Policy Analyst	Rehabilitation Counsellor
Journalist	Administrative Support	Social Worker
Administrative Support	Counsellor	Human Resource Officer
International aid/development worker	Life Coach	Charity Officer

Be mindful that these are just a few options to give you an idea about the career prospects in sociology. The field is broad and has lots of opportunities.

Conclusion

If your mind is puzzled by so many questions about society and you are seeking relevant answers then studying sociology is the best field that you can opt. Also, if you are passionate to do research and have an analytical mind, studying sociology will certainly lead you to the path of your dream career.

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Economics – Courses Eligibility, Subjects, Colleges, Admission Process, Syllabus, Fees & Scope

IIRF Course — Fri, 08 Jul 2022 06:32:43 +0000

Overview

What is Economics?

Economics is one of the social sciences, which has a significant influence on the life of every human being. The classic definition of economics is – “Economics is the study of the use of scarce resources that have alternative uses”. In a layman language, there are people and they have infinite desires. To fulfill their desires, people need resources but resources cannot be infinite but desires can be, so people need to make choices about how to use their scarce resources efficiently. Economics is the study of these choices and the Economist is the person who does this study.

An economist studies the reasoning behind choices or decisions people make. Economist then uses data to conduct research on economic issues, maximize profits and introduce improved public policies. The findings of the research were published in scientific journals in the form of technical reports and articles.

Skills Required for Economics degree

For you to build a career in Economics, it is important to have the following must-have skills:

Mathematical Skill	Statistical skills	Written & Verbal Communication Skills
Data Analysis	Time Management	Problem-Solving skills
Self-driven	Logical & Critical Thinking	Knowledge of Social Science

Economics Course Eligibility

Economics course provides an in-depth education in economics which is useful in applying to a wide range of career paths. The course offers a comprehensive understanding of core, pure, and applied economics and allows students to employ ideas and techniques from other disciplines too like mathematics and statistics, history, sociology, and political science. Students get to learn about economic theory and principles, mathematics, economic models and methods of analysis, and more.

Economics courses can be pursued by students at graduation, postgraduate and doctoral levels. Besides, there are diploma and certification courses are also available in economics.

After completing graduation, students usually enroll for MBA/PGDM or MA in economics programmes.

Programmes	Eligibility
B.A. (Business Economics) 3 years	Aspiring candidates should have completed 10+2 in any stream.In various colleges, entrance exams and interviews along with the percentage of 12th class is considered for admission.
B.Com. (Applied Economics) 3 years	Candidates should have passed 12th with a minimum of 50 percent.
B.Com. (Business Economics) 3 years	Candidates should have completed 10+2 in Commerce & Science stream.In various colleges, entrance exams and interviews along with the percentage of 12th class is considered for admission.
M.A. (Economics) 2 years	Universities consider a minimum of 50-55 percent marks in graduation for admissions.Universities also conduct entrance exams to offer admission in MA Economics.The aggregate of graduation marks and entrance exams are taken into consideration to offer admission.
M.Com. (Applied Economics) 2 years	Candidates should have completed B.Com.with a minimum of 50 percent or above marks from a recognized university board.In various colleges and universities, it conducts entrance exams plus interviews for admission.
M.Phil. (Business Finance & Economics) 2 years	The minimum eligibility for this course is a postgraduate degree in Economics or allied discipline.The candidate must have passed a post-graduation degree with a recommended aggregate of 55 percent from a recognized university or the other equivalent exam.An entrance examination is a mode preferred for admission by most colleges for this course. The candidates with their post-graduation results awaited also can apply for this course.
M.Sc. (Financial Economics and Administration) 2 years	B.Sc. or the other equivalent qualification with a minimum 50 percent marks.Some universities and institutes conduct entrance examinations for admission.
Ph.D. (Business Economics) 2 years	Candidates should have completed their MBE or M.Phil. degree in Business Economics with a minimum aggregate of 55 percent and above from a recognized university.

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Admission Process

10+2 marks/ Entrance exam (depending on the college). Following are some of the entrance examinations for the economics degree:

DUJAT – The Delhi University Joint Admission Test
NPAT – NMIMS Programs After Twelfth
SET – Symbiosis Entrance Test
CUET – Christ University Entrance Test
IPU-CET – Indraprastha University Common Entrance Test
DU DSE – Delhi School of Economics
ISI Admission Test – Indian Statistical Institute Admission (ISI) Test
JNU Entrance Test – Jawaharlal Nehru University Entrance Examination

Course Fees

The average course fee for graduation level programme is between INR 25,000 – 3 lakhs. The average annual fee for Masters is annually INR 20,000 – 2 lakhs. For Doctorate, the average course fee for three years is INR 80,000 – 6 lakhs.

Top Colleges Offering Economics Courses

Symbiosis School of Economics – SSE Pune
Jamia Millia Islamia – JMI New Delhi
Indian Institute of Technology – IIT Bombay
Indira Gandhi National Open University – IGNOU Delhi
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda – MSU Baroda
Christ University, Bangalore
Jadavpur University, Kolkata
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University – GGSIPU Delhi
Delhi Technological University – DTU Delhi
Banaras Hindu University – BHU Varanasi
Chandigarh University, Chandigarh
University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
BR Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Technology – IIT Kharagpur
Aligarh Muslim University, AMU – Aligarh
Integral University, Lucknow
Jawaharlal Nehru University – JNU Delhi
Manipal University, Jaipur
MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai
Indian Institute of Technology – IIT Kanpur

Economics Syllabus

Here we are providing a basic idea about the syllabus of economics courses for various levels. The syllabus varies as per the universities hence you will find here the topic comprises the economics courses.

Programmes	Syllabus
Undergraduate level	The students would study the topics such as Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Utility, Elasticity of Demand, Monopoly, Factor Pricing, Interest, Demographic Features, Agriculture and Land Development, Small Scale and Cottage Industries, the infrastructure of the Indian Economy, Macro Variables, Classical Theory of Employment, Source of Revenue, Public Finance, Bank, Money, Inflation, Deflation and Recession and more.
Postgraduate level	The students would study the topics such as Microeconomic Analysis, Elementary Statistics, Theory of Pricing and Distribution, Macroeconomic Analysis, Quantitative Methods, International Finance, Economics of Industry, Growth Models of Economics and Issues in the Indian Economy and more.
Doctoral level	The students at the doctoral level conduct research in any of the economics-related concepts of their interest. They work on writing the thesis based on research findings and submit it to the concerned authorities. The students are awarded a Ph.D. after completing the research.

Scope of Economics in India and Abroad

The demand for economics graduates is massive at both the national and international markets. Some of the Job Opportunities after completing the economics course are as follows:

Financial Analyst
Business Analyst (Unspecified Type)
Data Analyst
Senior Financial Analyst
Research Analyst
Senior Business Analyst
Pricing Analyst
Management Consultant
Business Consultant
Staff Accountant, etc

Conclusion

Economics is an excellent career choice for those who are good with numbers and eager to know the essence of markets and how our economy functions. The continually evolving economy is always in demand for analysts, researchers, strategists, and consultants who are trained professionals and can easily understand the changing economic trends. Studying economics will help you acquire a high level of mathematical, analytical, and statistical skills and teach you how you can apply different economic theories and concepts to real-world challenges. The career prospects in economics are highly promising and open up a host of phenomenal opportunities in different fields.

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Rural Management – Courses Eligibility, Subjects, Colleges, Admission Process, Syllabus, Fees, Eligibility & Jobs

IIRF Course — Fri, 08 Jul 2022 05:34:23 +0000

Overview

Rural Management

Education in Rural Management helps you gaining knowledge about how to manage and optimize agriculture resources effectively. The study teaches you the best ways or concepts which can be implemented in rural areas to improve the living standard of people residing in these areas. As a Rural Management and Development professional, your work will be to manage rural resources, strategize, plan & execute rural development programmes which can bring positive changes in the up-gradation of the rural landscape.

If you think about the welfare of people and you wish to work towards improving the quality of life of people in rural locations then a career in rural management is a good option for you. The rural management profession helps the rural population by providing basic facilities to them. The job will bring immense satisfaction with decent remuneration.

Does doing the welfare of people interests you? Do you want to bring more facilities and more accessibility to the latest technology and schemes, especially for the people living in rural areas? If yes, then the career in rural management is just for you. The scope is also wide as many multinationals, government organizations, and Indian firms provide ample job opportunities to newcomers in the field.

To know more about how to build a career in rural management, let’s read the article further.

Skill Required for Career in Rural Management

If you want to make a difference in this field and want to be successful then you should possess the following essential skills:

Excellent communication – written & verbal	Good listener – listen adeptly to the problems of rural people	People’s Person – outgoing, friendly, respectful, well-wisher
Eagerness to work in rural areas	Analytical thinking	Leadership skills
Problem-solving skills	Local area knowledge	Hard-working

Courses in Rural Management

Above 65% of the population of India is residing in rural areas. And, these 65% population are deprived of to take full benefits of resources, amenities, policies & services which are available in the country for all the citizens. Hence, to bridge the gap, professionals in the field of rural management and development are quite in demand.

To start a career in rural management, the first step is to enroll in the right course. There are various courses available which you can opt for after passing the 12th class. The colleges/institutes offer the course at four levels of education, i.e., diploma level, graduation level, post-graduation level, and Ph.D. level.

Diploma Courses	Bachelor Courses	Master Courses	Doctoral Courses
Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Development	Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Rural Development	Master of Arts in Rural Development	M. Phil in Rural Development
Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Finance	Bachelor of Rural Technology and Management	Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Rural Management	Ph. D in Rural Development
Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Management
Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Marketing

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Rural Management Courses Eligibility Criteria

Diploma/PGDRM – Candidates are required to hold a Bachelor’s degree in any discipline with an aggregate of 50% marks and above.

BA/BSc in Rural Management – Candidates must have completed class 12 with a minimum of 50% aggregate or equivalent from a recognized university or board.

Postgraduation Courses – Candidates must have completed Bachelor’s degree in any discipline with a minimum score of 50% marks in average or equivalent from a university that is state or centrally recognized. Candidates in their final year of graduation are also eligible for the exam.

Ph.D. Courses – To be eligible for Ph.D. Rural Development course study, the candidates need to complete their Master’s degree or M.Phil in any stream along with a minimum of 50% (relaxation available for reserved category candidates) aggregate marks from a recognized university.

Admission to this course study is done either based on candidates performance in the entrance exam followed by the personal interview round or based on marks obtained by the candidates at their PG level.

Rural Management Colleges/Institutes in India

There are various institutes/colleges where you can take admission and pursue your dream course.

Colleges/Institutes	Location
Indian Institute of Management	Ahmedabad
Xavier Institute of Management	Bhubaneswar
National Institute of Management Technology	Ghaziabad
Institute of Rural Management Anand	Gujarat
Xavier Institute of Social Service	Ranchi
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology	Kanpur
Symbiosis Institute of International Business	Pune
Kerala Agricultural University	Kerala
National Institute of Agricultural Marketing	Jaipur
IIHMR University	Jaipur
Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research	Mumbai
Bangalore University	Bangalore
Institute of Management Sciences	Lucknow
Centre for Studies in Rural Management	Gujarat

Entrance Examinations

To get admission in various bachelor’s degree and post-graduation degree courses, you may have to appear for the following entrance exams:

MAT
CAT
XAT
ATMA
SNAP
CMAT

Scope in the field of Rural Management

Due to the good demand for professionals, the qualified candidates who have done graduation and postgraduation can find lucrative job opportunities in the field of rural management. You can get jobs in the government or private sectors. Moreover, you can also get an opportunity to work in various NGO’s and organizations working towards the development of rural areas. Also in big corporates, rural management professionals are recruited for managing their corporate social responsibility initiatives focusing on rural development.

As a Rural Management professional, you can be hired in the companies like agri-business, milk producer cooperatives, companies supplying fresh and processed produce, seeds, fertilizers, and veterinary products and equipment, etc. Besides, public or private banks, insurance companies, other financial institutions, research firms, and various consultancies also recruit qualified candidates for various tasks in the organisations.

Salary in Rural Management Profession

The salary in this profession is quite lucrative and rewarding as per the qualification of the candidate. As a fresher in this field, you can expect a starting salary package of INR 2 to 3 lakhs per annum. With experience, you can earn more and reach a better salary package.

Job Profiles in Rural Management

There are various profiles on which you can work in the field of rural management.

Research Officer
Business Development Executive
Consultant
Project Co-ordinator/Project
Purchase/Vendor Development Manager
Researcher
Rural Development Officer
Rural Executives
Rural Manager
Rural Sales Manager

Conclusion

It is an interesting career where you can work toward improving the lives of people. This profession allows you to connect with a different type of people and listen to their concerns. It provides you with an opportunity to know and understand the culture, values, ground-level issues, and actual condition of people residing in the interior or rural locations. In a country like India, there is no dearth of opportunities in this field. Think about the well-being of the people of your nation? A career in rural management is a promising career field for you. Just go for it!

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Polymer Science: Subjects, Admission Process, Courses Eligibility, Fees, Colleges, Syllabus, Eligibility & Jobs

IIRF Course — Thu, 07 Jul 2022 06:22:25 +0000

Overview

What is Polymer Science & Engineering?

Polymer Science & Engineering is a fast-moving sector in India. The sector has phenomenal potential including capacity, infrastructure, and skilled workforce. The field has a huge demand for qualified professionals having Bachelor’s or Master’s degrees in engineering with knowledge of subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Engineering. There are diversified opportunities in the polymer sector for candidates having analytical, logical, and focused mindsets.

It is acknowledged as a fact that polymers play a significant role in fulfilling the basic necessities for daily use and hence the sector is considered as the ‘high Priority’ sector in India. If we go back to 1957, the Indian plastics industry made a remarkable beginning in the year with the production of polystyrene. Since then, the industry has made significant progress and has grown manifolds. The industry is spread all across the country consisting of 2,000 exporters, 30,000+ processing units, and provides employment to about 4 million people in the country.

So, what is Polymer Science? For your understanding, it is a branch of Material Science which is also known as Macromolecular Science. It is a science which deals with polymers – either natural or synthetic. Polymer Science is further classified into Polymer Chemistry, Polymer Physics, and Polymer Characterization.

The course of Polymer Science includes detailed study, design, and modification of polymers and the various technologies that are used in it. The course emphasizes majorly on the sub-branches of chemistry – organic, inorganic, and physical.

What role a Polymer Engineer Plays?

If you pursue this career option, as a Polymer engineer you will be working in a lab and supervising the production process and maintenance of plastic and other polymer products. You will be responsible for the development of new polymers, equipment design for polymer processing, project engineering, and management of the process. In this career, apart from development, testing of plastics or related materials also falls under the key responsibilities of Polymer Engineer.

Let’s discuss what are the important skills you must need to build a successful career in polymer science and engineering.

Key skills required for Polymer Engineering

If you aspire to build a career in Polymer Engineering, you should possess the following must-have skills:

Analytical and Rational Thinking	Problem-Solving Skills	Scientific Bent of Mind
Communication Skills	Computer Skills	Good Observation Skills
Ability to Work With Team	Knowledge of Chemistry	Mathematical Skills

The variety of skills and qualities help you gaining more confidence and making you more competitive in the job market. Through courses in Polymer Science & Engineering, you learn to acquire the necessary skills. In this article further, we will now discuss the Polymer Engineering courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctorate levels, eligibility criteria, and admission process for these courses.

Polymer Science & Engineering Courses and Eligibility

Programmes	Eligibility	Duration
B.E. Polymer Science and Chemical Technology	Aspiring candidates must have passed 10+2 from a recognized School/college with an aggregate of 60% marks in Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and English as main subjects. Additionally, the candidate must clear the JEE Main entrance exam.	4 years
B.E. Polymer Technology	Aspiring candidates must have passed 10+2with Physics, Chemistry and Maths from a recognized school board.	4 years
B. Tech Polymer Science and Technology	10+2 with 50% minimum aggregate score with Physics, Chemistry and Maths from a recognized school board.	4 years
M. Tech Polymer Science &Technology	Aspiring candidates need to have completed a B.Tech./ B.E. in Polymer Engineering, Textile, Chemical Engineering, Material Science, Petroleum Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology or M.Sc. in Chemistry and Physics from a recognized university.The minimum percentage required is a minimum aggregate of 50% in or equivalent CGPA in graduation.M.Tech. in Polymer Technology admission is based on entrance exams (GATE, AP PGECET, TS PGECET, VITMEE) conducted at national as well as state levels.	2 years
M.E. Polymer Science and Technology	Aspiring students should have passed a B.E./B.Tech. or equivalent exam from a recognized university board.	2 years
Ph. D Polymer Science and Technology	All postgraduates are eligible for Ph.D in Polymer Science and Technology course. Minimum qualifying marks may vary as per the institutes.	3-5 years

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Entrance Exams to get admission in Polymer Science & Engineering Courses

Below are some of the Polymer Engineering entrance exams conducted by universities to get admission in UG and PG courses:

ICAR AIEEA – Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) conducts All India Entrance Examination for Admission to UG, PG, and Ph.D. Courses. It is a national-level exam. The age of the student should be minimum of 16 years old and 10+2 passed with 3 subjects out of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

BITSAT: Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani. Candidates can appear for this exam to get admission to undergraduate courses in over 6 colleges of BITS all over India. The candidate should have a minimum of 75% marks in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics if PCMB student.

VITEEE: Vellore Institute of Technology Engineering Entrance Exam. The exam gives admission to undergraduate courses over 5 colleges of VIT. The student should have a minimum of 50% marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics/Biology.

CUSAT CAT: CUSAT – Cochin University of Science and Technology. This is an entrance exam to get admission in undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the university. The student should have 60% aggregate marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics/Biology.

NMIMS: Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies. This entrance exam is conducted to get admission in undergraduate and integrated courses. The student should have 50% aggregate marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics/Biology.

UGAT/ PGAT: Undergraduate Admission Test (UGAT) and Postgraduate Admission Test (PGAT) are the entrance exams conducted by the University of Allahabad for giving admission into undergraduate and postgraduate engineering courses respectively.

MHT CET: Maharashtra Common Entrance Test. The exam gives admission to UG Programs to all government colleges in India. The student should have a minimum of 50% aggregate marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics/Biology. It is a state-level exam.

GATE – Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering. This entrance exam is conducted in getting admission to PG and Ph.D. courses in IISc and 7 IITs. The student should have a minimum of 50% aggregate marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics/Biology. It is a national-level exam.

GRE- Graduate Record Examinations. GRE is for getting admission into M.S. (Master of Science) postgraduate course, offered by universities abroad.

Top Colleges Offering Polymer Engineering:

College	Course	Exam
MSU Baroda – Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda	ME Polymer Technology	GATE
DTU Delhi – Delhi Technological University	M.Tech Polymer Technology	GATE
IIT Delhi – Indian Institute of Technology	M.Tech Polymer Science and Technology	GATE
ICT Mumbai – Institute of Chemical Technology	M.Tech Polymer Engineering and Technology	GATE
JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru	BE Polymer Science and Technology	COMEDK UGET, KCET
Tezpur University, Tezpur	M.Tech Polymer Science and Technology	GATE
University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture, Kolkata	B.Tech Polymer Science and Technology	WBJEE
University College of Engineering, Thodupuzha	B.Tech Polymer Engineering	KEAM
B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Engineering College	B.Tech Polymer Engineering	CIEAT
Visvesvaraya Technological University- VTU	B.TechPolymer Engineering	JEE Mains

As we had discussed earlier in the article, the increasing use of plastics and other polymer substances in almost all industries is immensely intensifying the growth of polymer science. The polymer industry has seen an exponential surge in job opportunities in the field in recent years. There are enormous job opportunities for those who hold a qualification in the field of polymer science and technology in both the public and private sectors. In the field of R&D, there are several opportunities that exist.

Scope & Jobs

The prospects of Polymer Engineering can be seen in industries such as:

Petroleum Industries
Pharmaceuticals
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Oil India Laboratories, Petrochemicals Engineering Plants
Chemical Industries
Oil & Natural Gas Commission (ONGC)
Windmoller & Holscher
Companies producing polymer-based products
Packaging
Sports
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology
Perfumes and Preservatives
Defense Research & Development Organization
Brahmaputra Cracker & Polymer Limited (BCPL)
Colleges and Universities
Ceat Limited
Allied Solutions India Pvt. Ltd.
Kraton Polymers LLC, Polymer Technologies Inc
Apollo Tyres Limited

Few Other Prominent Recruiters are:

Tata Chemicals Ltd.
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
Finolex Industries
GAIL India Limited
Reliance Industries
Aarti Industries Limited
BASF Construction Chemical India Pvt. Ltd.
Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd.
Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd.
Linde India Ltd.
Solar Industries India Ltd.
United Phosphorus Ltd.
Research Centres

Job profiles and Salary

Generally, Polymer Manufacturing Industries hire Polymer Engineers but there are many other job profiles with diverse roles available in the polymer science sector. The Polymer Engineers can work in these profiles in both Public & Private Sector Organizations. The common job profile of Polymer Engineers are as follows:

Research Scientist	Production Planner
R&D Executive	Polymer Scientist
Design Engineer	Quality Engineers
Corporate Sales Manager	Production Technologist
Mold Designers	Production Engineers
Lecturers in Engineering Colleges	Sales & Marketing Executives

For polymer engineering graduates, this is indeed a rewarding career field. Both renowned organizations in the public and private sectors frequently recruit candidates on a big scale and offer good salary packages. On the basis of some salary survey data collected from employers and employees directly in India, it has been observed that the average polymer engineer’s gross salary in India is around INR 8 lakhs. An entry-level polymer engineer (1-3 years of experience) earns an average salary of INR 6 lakhs. On the other end, a senior-level polymer engineer (8+years of experience) earns an average salary of INR 10 lakhs.

Conclusion:

The industry is growing at a fast pace as the demand for polymer products is increasing and innovations are being introduced every now and then. So, if you are passionate about this field, there are endless opportunities in the market. In India, the course in polymer science & engineering is offered by various universities at every level – undergraduate, postgraduate, or doctorate. The aspiring candidates can enroll themselves in any of the relevant courses as per their interest and acquire knowledge and the right skills that are mandatory to build a career in this field. Every industry has vast scope for graduates in polymer science in India. An excellent career with good remuneration is waiting for you.

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Aerospace Engineering: Subjects, Courses Eligibility, Syllabus, Colleges, Admission Process, Fees, Career Opportunities

IIRF Course — Thu, 07 Jul 2022 06:16:02 +0000

Overview

What is Aerospace Engineering?

Do airplanes or spacecraft fascinate you? Do you dream of designing them? If yes, then aerospace engineering is the field for you to build a career. Aerospace engineering study includes the designing, construction, and maintenance of aircraft, spacecraft, missiles etc. Covering a wide range of topics, the students acquire knowledge of flight safety measures, efficient use of fuel, costs of operating flight, the impact of environmental conditions, etc. in the aerospace engineering course.

The job of an Aerospace Engineer is to do research, conduct performance testing, and launch airplanes (commercial and military), weapon systems, spacecraft, and satellites. Aerospace engineers work towards the improvement of flight safety & fuel efficiency. They design & develop control systems and keep on analyzing new materials and advanced technologies to introduce innovative products that meet the needs of new-age customers. And they also ensure that these innovations work wonderfully to reduce the environmental impact of air travel.

New Environment, New Technology Require Innovative Minds

Our requirements are changing and so is the technology. With time, technology has evolved manifolds. From The Wright Brothers’ aircraft invention, technology has tremendously advanced & engineering has expanded phenomenally. The scope has widened to include military operations, planes for commercial travel, and space commute. We never know if it may in the future also include interstellar travel.

The structural design of all these aircraft has changed over the years. Climate change is a big threat to our environment and it is challenging organizations to gear up and develop planes and spacecraft with reduced impact on the environment. Hence, as an Aerospace Engineer, your innovations can bring revolution in the field with the introduction of humankind’s next big thing in travel. The field requires new ways of thinking as our travel style and environment have changed.

Aerospace Engineering has 2 main branches or specializations:

Aeronautical Engineering – It includes the designing of airplanes, aircraft, helicopters and jets
Astronautical Engineering – It includes the designing of spacecraft, satellites, and rockets etc.

The study of aerospace engineering will help the students understanding how to develop new flight technology and a thorough understanding of aerospace science. The professionals in this field are vital to technological innovations in the new era and are much in demand.

Key skills needed for Aerospace Engineering

If you want to make a difference in this field then you should possess the following essential skills:

Strong analytical & problem-solving skills	Creative and out of the box thinking	Communication skills
Strong mathematics and Mechanics	Technical Expertise	Scientific acumen
Detail-oriented	Ability to work under pressure	Team player

Courses in Aerospace Engineering and Eligibility Criteria

To pursue aerospace engineering courses, candidates must have a good hold on the subjects – mathematics, physics, and chemistry. The Science stream candidates with a good percentage can select the field after completing 10+2.

Stream	Graduation	Postgraduation	Doctorate
Pass class XII with Science Stream and with subject Maths	Do B.Tech in Aerospace Engineering for 4 years	Do M.Tech for 2-3 years	Do Ph.D. for 2 years

Courses available in aerospace engineering:

Polytechnic Diploma Course: The course duration is 3 years and the candidate can enroll after completing 10^th or 10+2 examinations.
Undergraduate Degree Course: The candidate can enroll for BE/B.Tech courses, four years duration after 10+2 examination.
Postgraduate Degree Course: The candidate can enroll for ME/M.Tech courses, two years duration after the completion of UG degree in engineering.
Doctoral Degree Course: The candidate can enroll for the Ph.D. one to two years of duration after the completion of PG degree in aerospace engineering.

Also Read: Top Engineering Colleges in India

Admission Criteria to get admission in Aerospace Engineering Courses

For taking admission in Aerospace Engineering, the minimum eligibility criteria are 10+2 pass with a minimum of 60 percent marks in the Science stream (Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics).
GATE score is required to get admission in the postgraduate and doctoral courses.
Engineering candidates with three-four years degree; candidates with a technical diploma; five-year Architecture, postgraduates in Mathematics/Science/Statistics/Computer Applications candidates are also eligible to pursue Aerospace Engineering courses.
For candidates aspiring to join NASA in the United States, you should know that NASA recommends a degree in varied disciplines, including Biomedical Engineering, Ceramic Engineering, Chemistry, Industrial Engineering, Materials Engineering, Metallurgy, Optical Engineering, and Oceanography. Ph.D. is recommended to join NASA.

Top Aerospace Engineering Colleges in India

Indian Institute of Technology, IIT – Bombay
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram
Manipal Institute of Technology, MIT – Manipal
Amity School of Engineering Amity-Noida
SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai
Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore
RV College of Engineering, Bangalore
Lovely Professional University, LPU – Jalandhar
BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore
School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun
Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh
Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore
MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar
BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai
Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune

Aerospace Engineering Entrance Exams

Undergraduate Courses

Joint Entrance Examination Main – JEE Main
Joint Entrance Examination Advanced – JEE Advanced
National Engineering Aptitude Test – NEAT/NAT
Birla Institute of Technology and Science Admission – BITSAT
Education Promotion Society of India National Admission Test – ENAT
Vellore Institute of Technology Engineering Entrance Exam – VITEEE
University of Delhi Combined Entrance Exam – DUCET
Consortium Medical, Engineering & Dental Colleges of Karnataka – COMEDK
Admission Test for ICFAI Science & Technology – ATIT
Indian Institute of Space & Technology Admission Test – ISAT
Combined Written Admission Test – CWAT
SRM University Engineering Exam – SRMUEE
Manipal University Online Entrance Exam
Indraprastha University Common Entrance Test – IPU CET

Postgraduate Courses

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) (Postgraduate)

Career and Scope in Aerospace Engineering

Aerospace Engineering opens up a bright career for the students of this field. You can work in the air force as a flight engineer or as an aircraft engineer in the aviation industry. The opportunities are endless both in national and international space in institutions/organizations like NASA, ISRO, DRDO, HAL, NAL, MRO, and many more. The professionals in the field get good remuneration as well.

Qualified and trained candidates are required everywhere be it government or private aviation organizations including aircraft & spacecraft manufacturing and testing units. The job profile is not restricted to the above industries and also has immense scope in turbines, high-speed trains, and flying gadgets, etc.

Conclusion

If you have a zeal to research and introducing technological innovations, the Aerospace Engineering field is waiting for you. A career in aeronautical engineering is challenging and demands innovative thinking. Needless to say, lucrative opportunities are available at the national and international level after doing a course in Aeronautical engineering. It is a good-paying job. Give wings to your career in Aerospace Engineering.

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