Astronomy is the study of everything that lies beyond the surface of the Earth. Astronomy is as old as Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton—to put it simply Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences. It began with making observations about the night sky and today it includes celestial bodies that aren’t even visible with the naked eye like faraway galaxies, black holes, neutron stars, etc. Astronomy is split into two clear types: Observational and Theoretical and has multiple branches.

Observational Astronomy uses physical instruments to observe the sky and celestial bodies and present this information through journals and academic papers.

Theoretical Astronomy, on the other hand, uses mathematical equations and physical laws to deduce and understand the meaning of these observations. They then not only predict future patterns, but also study the beginning of the universe.

Astronomy/Astrophysics is a course that is highly in demand, however, it does require an extreme amount of hard work and dedication, and more importantly a strong grasp of Mathematics and Physics. Astronomy is considered a specialization subject, there are different paths that a student can choose after completing his 12th:

Bachelor’s Degree: A BSc in Physics is the first step to building a career in Astronomy. BSc can be pursued by any student who has taken Science and Mathematics in the 12th grade. One can also pursue a BSc in Applied Sciences or a BTech in a relevant field such as Aerospace Engineering.

Master’s Degree: Since Astronomy is a part of Physics, it is a specialized course. And for someone who wants to study core Astronomy/Astrophysics, it is important to pursue an MSc in either Theoretical Astronomy, Astrophysics, or Applied Physics.

Ph.D. In Astronomy: Astronomers and Astrophysicists are highly educated scientists and researchers and tend to have a doctorate in their field. Of course, there are multiple branches of Astronomy that can be focused upon: Cosmology, Astrobiology, Spectroscopy, Photometry, Planetology, etc.

Amateur Astronomy is another huge part of Observational Astronomy—many observations about new comets and transient events have been done by normal people who like watching the sky through telescopes and binoculars. Since Astronomy isn’t considered a ‘professional’ degree so far, there are very few institutions dedicated wholly to Astronomy. However, the ones on the list have made some incredible contributions to the field.

Careers in Astronomy

Astronomy is a field that is highly in demand, since there are very few academically qualified Astrophysicists and Astronomers in the country, it may be due to the amount of education required to qualify as an astrophysicist. Most of them are employed at India’s autonomous institutions like IIA, IUCAA as part of the research team. NASA, ISRO, and similar private and public organizations are also good places to work as an Astrophysicist.

There are multiple career paths to choose from after receiving a degree in Astronomy and related fields:

1. Astrophysicist: Astrophysicists study the physics of Astronomy. They are concerned with researching planets, stars, and galaxies. They study how the universe works today and how it evolved from centuries ago. Astrophysicists earn somewhere around 7,00,000-13,00,000 PA.
2. Research Scientist: Research Scientists work in labs and agencies, they generally work with peers to achieve a common goal, or produce a thesis that is presented at scientific meetings and summits. Scientists can earn between 5,00,000–10,00,00 PA.
3. Academics: After a Ph.D., one can choose to teach Astronomy to students at universities and continue to conduct research on an individual level. Professors tend to earn 8,00,000-10,00,00 PA.
4. Planetarium Director: Apart from working as Planetarium Directors, which is a senior post, freshers can begin by working at Planetariums as technicians and other junior posts. They earn an average of 6,00,000-8,00,000 PA.
5. Meteorologists/Climatologists: Weather is closely related to Atmospheric Science with is part of Astronomy. Therefore, people who are pursuing degrees in Astrophysics or Applied Sciences can choose to work in Meteorology and Climatology. They typically earn about 6,00,000-8,00,000 PA.

The majority of Astronomy and Astrophysics graduates tend to work in the Research & Development fields of large and small organizations so that discoveries about the past and future can be made. Many students also work in private sectors, where instruments like telescopes and binoculars, and other related equipment are produced.

Well qualified researchers tend to go forward and work for organizations like NASA and ISRO. Astronomy isn’t just a rarely explored field, it is also one that is exciting, and rewarding.

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A career in Wildlife isn’t just good to pursue, but it is also something that will bring about a change in the world—it is necessary for the Earth to prosper. And it is the moral obligation of every human being to protect his home. Without the conservation of wildlife, the future seems too bleak, too empty.

Studying Wildlife Conservation

Bachelor of Science in Forestry: Any student who has completed a 10+2 with a science background can pursue BSc. Forestry: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Mathematics. Students can also choose to study Environmental Science, Wildlife Biology, and other related fields to get entry-level jobs in this field.

Masters in Forestry: MSc in Forestry is highly recommended for anyone who wants to pursue a career in Wildlife Conservation—as it gives one more credibility and specialization in a particular field. There are multiple choices available for MSc in Wildlife Conservation: Forest Management, Wildlife Science, Veterinary Science, and other related fields. This requires one to complete a BSc in Forestry or other close sciences.

PhD in Forestry: After an MSc, one can choose to pursue a doctorate in Forestry—this is generally done for research purposes.

There are several certificate courses available for Wildlife Conservation: many prestigious universities of the country offer these courses including IGNOU.

Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun was announced an Autonomous Institute by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. For PG admissions one must have passed the NET and a Personality Aptitude Test. WII also offers diploma courses.

The Institute of Environment Education and Research, Bhartiya Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune is an institution dedicated to research related to the environment and has been a part of several environmental policies. For its MSc courses, BVIEER asks for a Bachelor’s degree in a field related to Environmental Science or Geology with an aggregate of 50%.

Aligarh Muslim University offers an MSc in Wildlife Sciences; it is a two-year course that can be pursued after graduation from any recognized University. Admissions are based on merit.

National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore offers a Masters in Wildlife Biology and Conservation and can be pursued by anyone having completed a Bachelor’s degree from any field.

Amity University, North Orissa University, AVC College, Sam Higginbottom University, University of Kota and Kuvempu University are other names that provide PG degrees in Wildlife Sciences.

While Wildlife Conservation is a Masters course, students interested in the field can pursue a BSc in Forestry from colleges like TNAU, Roorkee College of Engineering, FRI, College of Forestry, and Amity University are some renowned names.

Job Opportunities in Wildlife Conservation

1. Wildlife Biologist: A Wildlife Biologist studies and analyzes the wildlife—its behaviour, habitat, nutrition and climate. Their job is to bring ways to protect the wildlife and present this information to organizations like Wildlife Protection Society.
2. Forest Officer: Forest Officer is a position in state and central government. The job of a Forest Officer is to protect the forests, conduct surveys and report biological and botanical resources as well as live creatures. A Forest Officer classifies as a Group B officer.
3. Wildlife Veterinarian: Wildlife Veterinarians are licensed ‘doctors’ that have specialized in curing and treating wildlife—animals, birds, reptiles etc. One can become a Wildlife Veterinarian by pursuing a B.VSc and then a Masters in Wildlife Science. They may work on the field or in laboratories and other office settings.
4. Forestry Consultant: Forestry Consultants are scientists or researchers that work individually or with larger institutions to advice about the correct use of natural resources—land and tree etc.
5. Forestry Scientist: Forestry Scientists are professionals who are trained to identify pests and harmful substances in Forests—they identify and cure such issues and maintain the quality of forest. They also plan on forest regeneration.

Other job opportunities available in the field of Wildlife Sciences are Entomologists, GIS Specialists, Marine Conservationists, and Agri-Credit Managers etc. Several people after completing their education chose to work with NGOs as this gives a more hands-on experience, for example: WWF.

Academia is another option to explore after completing an MSc/PhD in Wildlife Sciences, as it is a fairly untouched and novel topic. However, it is one that needs a lot of recognition, as wildlife is imperative for the survival of humankind.

While the jobs are limited in this field, they are rewarding, not just financially, but on a personal level as well—as it is something that you are doing for the environment. However, by 2025 there is a 5% hike expected in the need of Wildlife Specialists. With the hike in human population it is expected that more people will be required to study the interaction between humans and the wildlife. More importantly, it will be important to learn how both will coexist.

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However, at present, Students want to know about the Sanskrit language and its importance in ancient India. Now Students are curious to know why the Sanskrit language was being used by the great philosophers, that’s why students are opting for Sanskrit as a Course, and want to build a career in the Sanskrit language. Students are excited to study ancient Indian culture. Though Sanskrit has not regained its value as a colloquial language, students are putting their effort to rediscover the glory of the Sanskrit language and want to solve their query about why Sanskrit was known as “Wisdom of ancient India”.

Courses categorized under the Sanskrit Language

Qualification required for studying Sanskrit Courses

• The candidate must complete their +2 level from any of the steam, commerce, Humanities, or Science. A background in liberal arts or Sanskrit language. In most of the institutions, Sanskrit is offered as an optional subject.
• The candidate can pursue an undergraduate degree of a three-year in Sanskrit courses.
• If candidates want to go for higher studies and research, it is mandatory to complete a PG degree in Sanskrit Courses.

Best places in India to Study the Sanskrit Courses:

The top institutes are:

• Lady Sri Ram College
• Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore
• Department of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, faculty of Indic Studies, Kurukshetra University
• Department of Sanskrit, Kerala University
• Government Sanskrit College, Calcutta.

Best Colleges in the World, who teach Sanskrit Courses:

• Center for Language Education, John Hopkins University
• Institute for Asian and African Studies
• Berlin University
• Cambridge University
• Heidelberg University

How to get Admission to top institutes?

However in most of the Indian and International Colleges, The admission procedure is straightforward, the College is going to display the cut-off, and those candidates who are satisfying the displayed percentage, have to visit the college and will get admission. For more information about the Admission procedure, you can connect to the IIRF platform, where you will get all the information about the colleges and universities.

Career Opportunities in Sanskrit

A study in Sanskrit will open the door to success for you! There are a vast number of career opportunities that one can grab: These are as follows:

Academics – One of the most demanding career opportunities! Most of India’s Universities and schools teach Sanskrit as an optional language, So one can be a Sanskrit teacher. Even, you can even go for a research job in the Sanskrit language.

Research Job Opportunities in vast areas – The Sanskrit Courses are not limited to the language, but it also teaches students the treasure trove of wisdom that was penned by our philosophers and religious writers in Sanskrit. Hence, students can do specialization in varied subjects like Vaastu, yoga, Indian drama, astrology, Vedic studies, and Ayurveda. Students can do jobs in research as well in all these fields.

Jobs in other fields – Some of the colleges that teach Sanskrit courses also include different aspects of Indology like, Philosophical and religious traditions, history of Indian culture, Aesthetics and Arthashastra, etc. Students can opt for jobs in archaeology, museums, and work as a professor of foreign or ancient languages.

Law: Students doing specialization in Sanskrit can go for selecting Law or civil service as their career option.

Approximate salary

Salary depends upon which course you have opted for. If you want to become a professor, then maybe your starting salary will be moderate. But if you are looking to grab a job in the research field, you can fetch a great amount.

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Biotechnology is a science-based field, based on the biology subject. As per biotechnology, every form of life is based on DNA. This subject has endless advantages in different areas. Take an example of the medical field, via biotechnology one, which can select the minerals and vitamins in order to boost the immunity level and the nutritional value of the plant. Imagine, you are living a life where every food that we have is filled with minerals and vitamins, that life will be a better life to live, Right? So here comes the role of biotechnology, it teaches us which food is healthier for us so that we can do improvisation in our life and take us to a healthier world.

Also Read:
1. Top MBA Colleges in India
2. Top Universities in India
3. Top Engineering Colleges in India
4. Top Schools (10+2) in India

Courses in Biotechnology

Want to build your career in Biotechnology? There are two courses, which you can opt for as per your specialization, one is a B.Tech degree in Biotechnology and another one is a B.Sc degree in Biotechnology.

Eligibility Procedure for the candidates:

• Those aspirants, who are aspiring to choose Biotechnology as their degree course will need to meet the following eligibility criteria:
• At least the candidates have obtained a minimum 50% score at both secondary and senior secondary levels ( 10th and 12th). For SC/ST, 45 % is mandatory.
• Candidates’ main subject in senior secondary must be PCB (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) with a minimum of 60% in all three subjects.

Admission Process:

Are you dreaming to get admission in Biotechnology? The eligible candidates have to qualify for the entrance test, which is organized at any national, state, or institute level. Below is a list of some renowned entrance examinations for admission in a Biotechnology course:

• JNU (Jawaharlal Nehru University) combined Biotechnology Entrance Test
• AIIMS Biotechnology Entrance Test
• DU (University of Delhi) Biotechnology Entrance Test

Check out the list of the labs and institution, where you can do further studies: Institutes/Universities

• TIFR
• IISc
• JNU
• IITs
• DU
• IISERs

Research Institutions are as follows:

• CCMB
• NEERI
• NCL
• CSIR
• NCCS
• JNCASR

Check out the tabulated highlights for the course:

Scope of Biotechnology

B.Tech aspirants contemplating on selecting Carrer in the field of Biotechnology must know in advance that this field is still developing in India and therefore there are fewer job opportunities and pay packages as compared to IT or Management sectors, but soon you will going to notice a boom in this field. Once you have got the B’Tech degree, you can find job opportunities in research labs, Academic institutions, or pharmaceutical companies. Some of the talented minds can pursue MBA to enter into the corporate sector. You have the tendency to shine in Finance, Business, and Banking sectors as you have an engineering background. Students have a golden chance to shift to the IT sector during their on-campus placement. Students, Biotechnology is a vast field, so you must go for higher studies in the same field or find out better job opportunities.

B.Sc students, it is mandatory for you to do M.Sc after graduating, as it will nourish your skills in Biotechnology. It is highly recommended to go for a master’s as your subject is research-based, it needs specialization. An M.Sc holder can get a better placement as a research assistant. And it is necessary for the students to do Biotechnology course from reputed institute or college in order to acquire good placement or job in big brands. Ph.D. opens up better avenues both nationally and internationally, so you can go for ph.D in Biotechnology or related fields. A ph.D degree will flourish your career growth and you can start up your own research lab and even can become a professor or a team leader. So, if you are craving to set your career in the Biotechnology field, Ph.D. is the best bet for you to go with. Ph.D. in Biotechnology will give you magic-wand to improve the quality of people’s lives via your quality research.

So, you must be aware that still Biotechnology is in its nascent stage, especially in India, many aspirants are unfortunately getting disillusioned because of fewer opportunities. But as per the statistics of the last decade, this area is booming as the Indian government is taking initiatives by setting reputation research institutes that conduct research on Stem cells, genetics, Bio Medica, Cancer Biology, etc.

List of the companies where you can join as a research assistant:

• Cipla
• Biocon
• Glaxosmithkline
• Cadila Healthcare
• Reliance Life Sciences
• Dr. Reddy’s Lab

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